Kongruenzen zwischen Koeffizienten trigonometrischer Reihen und Klassenzahlen quadratisch imaginärer Körper (Q2525208)

Let \(d<-4\) be the discriminant of an imaginary quadratic field with class number \(h=h(d)\). Let \(p\) be an odd prime and \(de=mp\), where \(m\) is an integer \(\geq 1\). For any natural number \(n\), let \(X(n)\) denote the character mod \(m\) defined by \[ X(n)=\left(\frac{(-1)^{(p+1)/2}m}{n}\right),\quad \left(\frac dn\right)=X(n)\left(\frac np\right). \] \textit{N. C. Ankeny}, \textit{E. Artin} and \textit{S. Chowla} [Ann. Math. (2) 56, 479--493 (1952; Zbl 0049.30605)] introduced the trigonometric series \[ \frac 1{e^{mx}-1} \sum_{t=1}^m X(t)e^{tx}=\sum_{n=-1}^\infty C\left((-1)^{(p+1)/2}m;n\right)\frac{x^n}{n!}. \] In this paper the authors use the series to obtain a proof of the following congruence due originally to \textit{A. Hurwitz} [Acta Math. 19, 351--384 (1895; JFM 26.0226.03); Mathematische Werke, Band II, Basel-Stuttgart: Birkhäuser Verlag (1963; Zbl 0122.24101), S. 208] \[ -h\equiv C\left((-1)^{(p+1)/2}m;(p-1)/2\right)\pmod p. \] See also \textit{A. A. Kiselev} and \textit{I. Sh. Slavutskiĭ} [Tr. IV Vsesoyuz. Mat. S''ezda, Leningrad 1961, 2, 105--112 (1964; Zbl 0201.37803)].