An extremal eigenvalue problem for the Wentzell-Laplace operator (Q252563)

Let \(d\geq2\) and let \(\Omega\) be a bounded connected open subset of \(\mathbb R^d\) with boundary of class \(C^{3}\) such that \(\int_{\partial\Omega}x=0\) and let \(\Delta_{\tau}\) be the Laplace-Beltrami operator on \(\partial\Omega\), \(\beta \in [0,+\infty[\), \((\lambda_{i,\beta}(\Omega))_{i \in\mathbb N}\) the increasing sequence of eigenvalues of the problem: \(-\Delta u=0\) in \(\Omega\), \(-\beta \Delta_{\tau}u + \partial_{n}u=\lambda u\) on \(\partial\Omega\), where \(n\) denotes the outward unit normal vector to \(\partial\Omega\). Let \(\Lambda[\Omega]\) be the spectral radius of the symmetric and positive semidefinite matrix \(P(\Omega)=(\int_{\partial\Omega} (\delta_{i,j} - n_{i}n_{j}))_{i,j=1,\dots,d}\). Theorem. \[ \sum_{i=1}^{d} {1 \over \lambda_{i,\beta}(\Omega)} \geq {\int_{\partial\Omega}|x|^{2} \over |\Omega| + \beta \Lambda[\Omega]} \geq {d |B_{1}|^{-1/d}|\Omega|^{1+1/d} \over |\Omega|+ \beta \Lambda[\Omega]}\Big(1+(1+1/d)(2^{-2+1/d}-1/4)\big({|\Omega \Delta B| \over |B|}\big)^2\Big), \] where \(B_{1}\) is the unit ball and \(B\) is the ball of volume \(|\Omega|\) centered in \(0\); equality holds if \(\Omega\) is a ball. The authors conjecture that the ball maximizes the first non trivial eigenvalue among smooth open sets of given volume and which are homeomorphic to the ball: to support this, they prove that balls are critical domains in any dimension and that they are local maximizers in dimension \(2\) and \(3\).