A classification of semilocal vortices in a Chern-Simons theory (Q252574)

This paper is devoted to Chern-Simons theory. The planar matter fields interacting with the Chern-Simons gauge field in a \(\mathrm{SU}(N)_{\text{global}}\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_{\text{local}}\) invariant fashion is discussed. The authors consider a mathematical model of semilocal vortices which has a global \(\mathrm{SU}(N)\) symmetry in addition to the local \(\mathrm{U}(1)\) symmetry. The following Lagrangian exists for this model: \[ {\mathcal{L}}=0.25 \kappa \varepsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha}F_{\mu\nu}A_{\alpha} +(D_{\mu}\phi)^{\dag}(D^{\mu}\phi)-\kappa^{-2}|\phi |^2 (|\phi |^2-1)^2, \] where \(A_{\mu}\) (\(\mu =0,1,2\)) is the gauge field on the \(2+1\)-dimensional space \(\mathbb{R}^{2,1}\) of metric tensor \((g_{\mu\nu})=\text{diag}(1,-1,-1)\), \(F_{\mu\nu}=\partial /\partial x^{\mu}A_{\nu}- \partial /\partial x^{\nu}A_{\mu}\) is the corresponding gauge curvature tensor, \(D_{\mu}=\partial /\partial x^{\mu} -iA_{\mu}\) is the gauge covariant derivative, \(\phi=(\phi_1,\ldots ,\phi_K)\) is \(K\)-component scalar field with \(\phi=(\phi_1^{\ast}, \ldots ,\phi_K^{\ast})\) (\(\ast \) is complex conjucation), \(\varepsilon_{\mu\nu\alpha}\) is the totally skew-symmetric tensor with \(\varepsilon_{012}=1\), and \(\kappa > 0\) is the Chern-Simons coupling constant. There are two different boundary conditions: \(|\phi (x)|\to 1\) as \(|x|\to\infty \) (topological condition) or \(|\phi (x)|\to 0\) as \(|x|\to\infty \) (nontopological). Then Euler-Lagrange equations have the form: \[ \triangle u_j=f(u_k)+4\pi N_j\delta_0,\;\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^2 \;(j=1,\ldots ,K), \] \[ \beta = \beta(u)=(2\pi)^{-1} \int_{\mathbb{R}^2}(-f(u_j))dx\in (0,+\infty), \] where \(f(u_j)=\biggl(\sum_{k=1}^{K}e^{u_k}\biggr) \biggl(\sum_{k=1}^{K}e^{u_k}-1\biggr)\), \(u=(u_1,\ldots ,u_K)\), \(\triangle \) is the Laplacian in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(\delta_0\) is the Dirac delta function, \(\Phi =\pi\beta \) (by definition). The main result here contains existence of topological and nontopological solutions. If \(u(r)\) is a \(K\)-dimensional radially symmetric solution of the Euler-Lagrange system with \(r=|x|\), and \(\alpha_i\) (\(i=1,2\)) some numbers, then \(\beta\in E\equiv \{2N_1\}\cup (\alpha_1,\infty)\). Conversely, for a prescribed \(\beta\in E\) (some set), then \(u\) is topological and can be represented in a special form. In the case that \(\beta \) is in other different set, then \(u\) is nontopological, and can be determined in different terms. Some cases of existence of nontopological solutions are discussed as well. The problem for uniqueness of the solutions is discussed as well. It is of interest the case for \(K = 1\). Then the semilocal Euler-Lagrange system is reduced to the well known abelian Chern-Simons Higgs model. Note that the authors classify the radially symmetric soliton solutions of the system in terms of the prescribed value of magnetic flux associated with the model under consideration.