Cohomology of class field theory and tensor product modules. I (Q2540309)

Let \(G\) be a finite group of order \(n\) and \(A\) a \(G\)-module. \(A\) is called cohomologically trivial if \(H^r(S,A) =0\) for all subgroups \(S\) of \(G\) and all dimensions \(r\), positive and negative. Theorem 1: If for each prime number \(p\) dividing \(n\) there exists an integer \(r=r_p\) such that \(H^r(G_p,A) = H^{r+1}(G_p,A) = 0\) for a \(p\)-Sylow subgroup \(G_p\) of \(G\), then \(G\) is called cohomologically trivial. Theorem 2: If \(A\) is cohomologically trivial and \(M\) any \(G\)-module, then \(A\otimes M\) is cohomologically trivial, provided either \(A\) or \(M\) is \(n\)-torsion free. The proofs are a combination of the following ingenious tricks: (1) \(A\) is cohomologically trivial for \(G\) if and only if it is so for each Sylow subgroup \(G_p\) of \(G\) (usual restriction-transfer argument). (2) If \(H^r(G, A\otimes M)\) is trivial for one fixed \(r\), and all torsion-free finitely generated \(M\), then \(A\) is cohomologically trivial (induced representations and dimension shifting). (3) Any \(M\) as in (2) is a direct summand of an \(M'\) which is a submodule of finite index in an \(M''\) of trivial cohomology (take \(M'' =M\otimes Z(G)\), \(M' = M\otimes Zs + M\otimes I)\), where \(s\) is the sum of the elements of \(G\) and \(I\) the augmentation ideal in the group ring \(Z(G)\). (4) If \(G_p\) is a \(p\)-group then any finite \(G_p\)-module \(N\) has a composition series in which the factors are isomorphic to \(Z/pZ\) (because \(I\) is nilpotent in \((Z/pZ)(G)\), for example). (5) If the hypothesis of Theorem 1 is true and \(A\) is \(p\)-torsion free, then \(H^r(G_p, A\otimes (Z/pZ)) =0\) (consider the exact sequence \(0\to A\to A\to A/pA\to 0\). (6) Given any \(G\)-module \(A\) there exists a torsion-free \(G\)-module \(A'\) such that \(H^r(S,A)\approx H^{r+1}(S,A')\) for all \(r\) and \(S\) (write \(A\) as homomorphic image of a \(G\)-free module \(F\) and let \(A'\) be the kernel). Theorem 3: If a \(G\)-module \(C\) and an element \(\alpha\in H^2(G, C)\) are such that, for each Sylow subgroup \(G\), \(H^1(G_p, C)=0\), and \(H^2(G_p, C)\) is cyclic of order \((G_p:1)\) generated by the restriction of \(\alpha\) to \(G_p\), then \(G,C\) is a class formation; when this is so, then the cup product with the restriction of \(\alpha\) gives isomorphisms \(H^{n-2}(S,M) \approx H^n(S,C\otimes M)\) for all subgroups \(S\) and all dimensions \(n\), provided either \(C\) or \(M\) is torsion free.