Explicit formulas and global uniqueness for phaseless inverse scattering in multidimensions (Q254271)

Inverse scattering for the Schrödinger equation \(-\Delta\psi +v(x)\psi=E\psi\) is considered in \(d \geq 2\) dimensions and when the potential \(v \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) has compact support and in the ``phaseless'' case. Inverse scattering involves the reconstruction of \(v\) from scattering data and frequently (the high energy limit of the) scattering amplitude \(f(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{l})\), \(k^2=l^2=E\) serves as the data. However, \(f\) is not itself accessible to direct measurement, and so the objective here is the reconstruction of \(v\) from \(|f|^2\) (the phaseless case). An example is given to show that, as stated, this cannot be done: additional information besides \(|f|^2\) is needed. The additional information here is the scattering amplitude \(|f_j|^2\), \(j=1,2\) obtained when \(v\) is replaced by \(v+w_j\), \(j=1,2\) where \(w_1\) and \(w_2\) are known, bounded, compactly supported, nonzero perturbations of \(v\) with support disjoint from that of \(v\). The \(w_j\) are referred to as ``background scatterers''. It is shown that \(v\), as above, can indeed be reconstructed from the high energy limit of \(|f|^2\),\(|f_1|^2\) and \(|f_2|^2\) and an explicit formula for \(v\) is given. In addition a global uniqueness result is derived: \(v\) is uniquely determined by the data, \(|f(k,l)|^2,|f_j(k,l)|^2\), \(j=1,2\) for \(|k|^2,|l|^2\) belonging to an infinite bounded set, and the \(w_j\), \(j=1,2\). The author further considers the case of a single background scatterer.