On exact coverings of the integers (Q2554348)

By an exact covering of modulus \(m\) is meant a system of linear congruences \(x\equiv a_1\pmod{m_1},\ldots, x\equiv a_r\pmod{m_r}\) where (I) \(m_i\mid m\) \((i=1,2,\ldots,r)\), (II) \(0\le a_i< m_i\) \((i=1,2,\ldots,r)\), (III) every integer \(n\) satisfies precisely one of the congruences. Let \(p\) and \(q\) be primes, let \(m=p^\alpha q^\beta\) where \(\alpha\ge 0\), \(\beta\ge 0\), and let \(T(m)\) denote the number of exact coverings of modulus \(m\). Then \(T(m)\) is given recursively by the formula \[ \sum_{d\mid m} \mu(d) \left(T\left(\frac{m}{d}\right)\right)^d = 1, \] where \(\mu(d)\) is the Möbius function.