Ordinary partition relations for ordinal numbers (Q2559470)

In this paper a number of positive and negative partition relations of the form \(\alpha \to (\beta , \gamma)^2\) are established [see \textit{P. Erdős} and \textit{R. Rado}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 62, 427-489 (1956; Zbl 0071.05105)]. \textit{E. Specker} [Commentarii Math. Helvet. 31, 302-314 (1957; Zbl 0080.03703)] proved that \(\omega ^2 \to (\omega ^2,m)^2\) for \(m< \omega\) and \textit{A. Hajnal} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 142-144 (1971; Zbl 0215.05201)], proved that the corresponding result for higher cardinals fails, by showing that, if \(\aleph_\zeta\) is regular and GCH is assumed, then \(\omega^2_{\zeta +1} \nrightarrow (\omega^2_{\zeta +1},3)^2\). This negative result is extended here and some complementary positive theorems are proved. Thus, if \(\aleph_\zeta\) is regular, GCH is assumed, \(k,t < \omega\), \(m = (t+1)(k+1)\) and \(\mu < \beta = \omega^{k+2}_{\zeta +1}\), then \(\omega ^m_{\zeta +1} \nrightarrow (\beta,t+2)^2\), \(\omega^m_{\zeta+1} \to (\mu,t+2)^2\), \(\omega ^{m+1}_{\zeta+1} \nrightarrow (\beta+1,t+2)^2\) and \(\omega^{m+1}_{\zeta+1} \to (\beta,t+2)^2\). This leaves some questions open. For example, the authors ask if \(\omega^2_1 \to (\omega_1\tau,4)^2\) for all \(\tau < \omega_1\). \textit{C. C. Chang} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 12, 396-452 (1972; Zbl 0266.04003)], proved that \(\omega^\omega \to (\omega^\omega ,3)^2\) (and it is known that \(\omega^\omega \to (\omega^\omega ,m)^2\) for all \(m< \omega\)). In contrast to this, it is shown here (assuming GCH) that \(\sigma \nrightarrow (\omega^\omega_1,3)^2\) for all \(\sigma < \omega_2\). It is not known if the analogous result \(\sigma \nrightarrow (\omega^{\omega_1}_2,3)^2\) holds for all \(\sigma < \omega_3\).