An algebraic approach to chaos (Q2563766)

The paper presents a generalization of the notion of chaos to some algebraic structures. Recall that a discrete-time dynamical system (i.e., a continuous map \(f:X \to X\) together with its iterations) is chaotic if it is topologically transitive and its periodic points are dense in \(X\). This definition is equivalent to the classical definition of Devaney by a theorem of \textit{J. Banks}, \textit{J. Brooks}, \textit{G. Cairns}, \textit{G. Davis} and \textit{P. Stacey} [Am. Math. Mon. 99, No. 4, 332-334 (1992; Zbl 0758.58019)]. The notion of dynamical system can be generalized as an action of a monoid \(M\) to an object of a given category: it can be regarded as a functor if the monoid is treated as a category consisting of exactly one object and the morphisms are the elements of \(M\). In order to state an algebraic counterpart of the notion of chaos, the category of chaos algebras is introduced. A chaos algebra is a preordered set \(A\) together with a commutative, associative, and order-preserving operation * and an element 0 satisfying \(0\leq a\) for all \(a\in A\). There is a functor from the category of topological spaces to the category of chaos algebras which takes the space \(X\) to the locale \(\Omega (X)\) of open subsets of \(X\). For a commutative ring \(R\) two functors to the category of chaos algebras are considered: the functor which forgets the additive structure of \(R\) and the functor which takes \(R\) to the set of its ideals \(Idl(R)\). For an action of a monoid on a chaos algebra the conditions of transitivity and APED (absolutely periodic elements are dense) are defined. If the action satisfies both that conditions, it is called chaotic. Some of the main results of the paper are the following: Theorem 1. If \(f\) is an endomorphism of an integral domain \(R\) (hence \(f\) induces an action of the monoid of positive integers on \(R)\) then the following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(f\) is a monomorphism. (2) \(f\) is chaotic. (3) The induced action on \(Idl(R)\) is chaotic. Theorem 2. For a given action of a monoid on a locally compact completely regular Hausdorff space \(X\) the following conditions are equivalent: (1) The action is chaotic. (2) The induced action on the locale \(\Omega (X)\) is chaotic. (3) The induced action on \(Idl (C(X))\) is chaotic. An example shows that the above conditions in general are not equivalent to the induced action on \(C(X)\) being chaotic. Nevertheless, the following result is also proved: Theorem 3. A \(C^\infty\)-action of a monoid on \([0,1]\) is chaotic if and only if the induced action on \(C^\infty ([0,1])\) is chaotic.