On the normal bundle of an exceptional curve in a higher dimensional algebraic manifold (Q2563768)

This article treats the contraction of a curve in a higher-dimensional algebraic variety. The normal bundle of such an exceptional curve is not always negative. The author proves: ``Let \(C\) be a smooth exceptional curve in a smooth variety \(X\). Let \(M\) be a subbundle of the normal bundle \(N_{C/X}\) of maximal degree. Put \(b=\deg M\) and \(a=\deg N_{C/X}- \deg M\). Then \(a+2b<0\).'' The author provides some examples. One of the important examples is the following: ``If \((d_1,\dots, d_{n-1})\) are integers such that \(d_1\leq \cdots\leq d_h<0\leq d_{h+1}\leq\cdots\leq d_{n-1}\) and that \((d_1+\cdots+ d_h)+ 2(d_{h+1}+\cdots+ d_{n-1})\leq- n+1\). Then we can construct an \(n\)-dimensional smooth variety \(X\) and an exceptional smooth rational curve \(C\) whose normal bundle is \(N_{C/X}\cong{\mathcal O}_C(d_1)\oplus\cdots \oplus{\mathcal O}_C (d_{n-1})\).'' This example asserts that the slope 2 in the inequality \(a+2b<0\) is best possible. The author also gives examples such that \(H^1(C, N^*_{C/X}) \not\cong R^1\varphi_*{\mathcal O}_X\).