The \(S\)-transform and its dual with applications to Prüfer extensions (Q2563975)

Let \(U\) be a commutative ring with 1 and let \(R\) be a subring of \(U\) containing 1. For an ideal \(I\) of \(R\) the author defines the \(S\)-transform \(S(I)\) of \(I\) to be the subring of \(U\) consisting of those elements \(u\in U\) such that, for each \(y\in I\), \(y^nu\in R\) for some positive integer \(n\). The \(S\)-transform was originally defined, in the setting of a quotient field of an integral domain, by \textit{J. H. Hays} [J. Algebra 57, 223-229 (1979; Zbl 0427.13007)]. The standard ideal transform, defined by \(T(I)= \bigcup_nI^{-n}\), satisfies \(T(I) \subseteq S(I)\) and Hays [loc. cit.] showed that equality holds here if \(I\) is finitely generated. Following Hays, an ideal \(I\) is called a maximal \(S\)-ideal if \(S(I)\neq S(J)\) whenever \(I\subset J\). Using maximal \(S\)-ideals, the author defines an inverse transform \(S^{-1}\) which takes subsets of \(U\) to ideals of \(R\) and has properties mirroring those of \(S\). Given \(A\subseteq U\), \(S^{-1}(A)\) turns out to be the intersection of all prime ideals \(P\) of \(R\) such that \(A\nsubseteq R_{[P]}\), where \(R_{[P]} =\{u\in U: du\in R\) for some \(d\notin P\}\). Sufficient conditions are then obtained on an ideal \(I\) which guarantee that \(S(I)=T(J)\) for an ideal \(J\). The effect on \(S(I)\) of changing the containing subring is also examined. The second half of the paper concentrates on the situation where \(R\) is Prüfer in \(U\), a notion introduced earlier by the author in Commun. Algebra 19, No. 2, 3423-3445 (1991; Zbl 0747.13013). The results here involve a study of the connections between the transforms \(R_{[P]}\), \(S(P)\), \(T(P)\), \(P^{-1}\) and \(P:P\) for a prime ideal \(P\).