On \(n\)-fold symmetrization (Q2565374)

In this paper, the following theorem is proved: Let \(P_j\), \(j=1, \dots, 2n\), \(n> 1\), be points \(e^{i\theta_j}\) on \(|z|=1\) with \(\theta_1< \theta_2< \cdots <\theta_{2n} < \theta_{2n} <\theta_1 +2\pi\). Let \(D\) be a doubly-connected domain on the \(z\)-sphere with complementary continua \(K_1\) and \(K_2\) such that \(K_1\) contains \(P_{2l+1}\), \(l=0, \dots, n-1\), and \(K_2\) contains \(P_{2l}\), \(l=1, \dots, n\). Then the module \(M\) of \(D\) satisfies \(M\leq 1/2n\). Equality occurs for the domain \(D^*\) where \(\theta_j =(j-1) \pi/n\), \(j=1,\dots,2n\), and \(K_1\) is the continuum \(K^*_1\) composed of segments from the origin to \(P_{2l+1}\), \(l=0, \dots, n-1\), and \(K_2\) is the continuum \(K^*_2\) composed of rays of constant argument from \(P_{2l}\), \(l=1, \dots, n\), to the point at infinity and only for domains obtained from \(D^*\) by linear transformations which preserve the unit circumference. In particular, if \(K_1\) contains the origin and \(K_2\) the point at infinity, equality occurs only for domains obtained from it by rotations about the origin. This theorem provides another method of treating a problem: find a continuum in the closed disk which meets every radius and whose harmonic measure at the origin is minimal.