Vanishing of some cohomology groups and bounds for the Shafarevich-Tate groups of elliptic curves (Q2565548)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve defined over \(\mathbb Q\) and \(K\) be a number field. Let \(\ell\) be an odd prime number. For each natural number \(i\geq 1\), let us note \(E[\ell^i]\) the group of the \(\ell^i\)-torsion points of \(E\) and \(L_i=K\bigl(E[\ell^i]\bigr)\) the smallest extension of \(K\) over which \(E[\ell^i]\) is defined. It is a Galois extension of \(K\). Let \(G_i\) be the Galois group of the extension \(L_i/K\). The author assumes that \(\ell\) satisfies the following conditions: 1) there is a prime ideal \(v\) of the ring of integers of \(K\) above \(\ell\), which is unramified in \(K/\mathbb Q\), such that \(E\) has semi-stable reduction at \(v\). 2) The group \(E(K)\) has no \(\ell\)-torsion points. \smallskip Under this assumption, the author proves that the cohomology groups \(H^1\bigl(G_i,E[\ell^i]\bigr)\) are trivial for all \(i\geq 1\), except if \(\ell=3\) and \(G_1\) is isomorphic to the group of matrices \[ \Bigg\{ \begin{pmatrix} a&b\\ 0&1\end{pmatrix}; \;a\in \mathbb F_{\ell}^* {\text{ and }} b\in \mathbb F_{\ell}\Bigg\}. \] As a consequence of this result, he extends a Kolyvagin's result concerning a bound for the order of the \(\ell\)-primary part of the Shafarevich-Tate group of \(E\) over \(K\), in case \(K\) is an imaginary quadratic field with the usual Heegner assumption. This bound is consistent with the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. More precisely, let \(K=\mathbb Q\bigl(\sqrt{D}\bigr)\) be an imaginary quadratic field with fundamental discriminant \(D\neq -3,-4\), in which the prime divisors of the conductor of \(E/\mathbb Q\) split. Let \(y_K\in E(K)\) be the Heegner point associated with the maximal order in \(K\). In case \(y_K\) is of infinite order, Kolyvagin has proved that \(E(K)\) has rank one and the Shafarevich-Tate group of \(E\) over \(K\) is finite. Let us suppose that the following conditions are realised: 1) \(E\) has no complex multiplication. 2) \(y_K\) is of infinite order. 3) \(\ell\) does not divide \(D\) and \(E\) has semi-stable reduction at \(\ell\). 4) The natural representation \(\rho_{\ell} : \text{Gal}\bigl(\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q\bigr)\to \text{Aut}\bigl(E[\ell]\bigr)\) giving the action of the absolute Galois group of \(\mathbb Q\) on \(E[\ell]\) is irreducible. Let \(m\) be the largest integer such that \(y_K\in \ell^mE(K)\) modulo the \(\ell\)-torsion points. Then, the author proves that the order of the \(\ell\)-primary part of the Shafarevich-Tate group of \(E\) over \(K\) divides \(\ell^{2m}\). Kolyvagin had proved a similar result with the assumption that the representation \(\rho_{\ell}\) is surjective.