Efficiency for self semi-direct products of the free Abelian monoid on two generators. (Q2566476)

Let \(A\) and \(K\) both be free commutative monoids on two generators. For any connecting monoid homomorphism \(\theta\colon A\to\text{End}(K)\), let \(D=K\rtimes_\theta A\) be the monoid semi-direct product. The author gives a characterization for the efficiency of a standard presentation for \(D\) in terms of the matrix representation for \(\theta\). The main result states: Let \(p\) be a prime, and let \(\theta\colon A\to\text{End}(K)\) be a monoid homomorphism represented by \(2\times 2\) matrices \({\mathcal A}=(\alpha_{ij})_{2\times 2}\) and \({\mathcal B}=(\beta_{ij})_{2\times2}\). Let \({\mathcal P}_D\) be the resulting standard presentation \[ [a,b,c,d;\;ab=ba,\;cd=dc,\;ca=ac^{\alpha_{11}}d^{\alpha_{12}},\;da=ac^{\alpha_{21}}d^{\alpha_{22}},\;cb=bc^{\beta_{11}}d^{\beta_{12}},\;db=bc^{\beta_{21}}d^{\beta_{22}}] \] for the semi-direct product \(D=K\times_\theta A\). Then \({\mathcal P}_D\) is \(p\)-Cockcroft if and only if \({\mathcal A}\equiv I_{2\times 2}\pmod p\), \({\mathcal B}\equiv I_{2\times 2}\pmod p\).