Bundle constructions of calibrated submanifolds in \(\mathbb R^7\) and \(\mathbb R^8\) (Q2566562)

The authors construct calibrated submanifolds of \(\mathbb{R}^7\) and \(\mathbb{R}^8\) in the form of total spaces of vector bundles by taking appropriate subbundles defined by certain surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^4\). An example of a result is the following: Let \(\Lambda^2_-(\mathbb{R}^4)\) denote the space of anti-self-dual 2-forms on \(\mathbb{R}^4\). Let \(e_1\), \(e_2\), \(e_3\), \(e_4\) be the standard basis of \(\mathbb{R}^4\) and \[ \omega^1= e^1\wedge e^2- e^3\wedge e^4,\quad \omega_2= e^1\wedge e^3- e^4\wedge e^2,\quad \omega^3= e^1\wedge e^4- e^2\wedge e^3 \] be the standard basis of \(\Lambda^2_-(\mathbb{R}^4)\), here \(e^j\) is dual to \(e_j\). Let \(\omega_k\) be dual to \(\omega^k\) and define on the total space \(\mathbb{R}^4\oplus \mathbb{R}^3\) of the bundle \(E= \Lambda^2_-(\mathbb{R}^1)\times \mathbb{R}^4\to \mathbb{R}^4\) the so-called, canonical 3-form \(\varphi\) as follows: \[ \begin{multlined} \varphi= \omega_1\wedge \omega_2\wedge \omega_3+ \omega_1\wedge (e^1\wedge e^2- e^3\wedge e^4)+ \omega_2\wedge (e^1\wedge e^3- e^4\wedge e^2)+\\ \omega_3\wedge (e^1\wedge e^4- e^2\wedge e^3).\end{multlined} \] With these notions the authors prove the following Theorem: Let \(M\) be an immersed submanifold in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) and \(F\) a rank 2 subbundle of \(E|_M\to M\). \(F\) is a coassociative submanifold of \(E\) if and only if the second fundamental form \(A^\nu\) of the immersion \(M\subset \mathbb{R}^4\) satisfies \(A^{I\nu}= -IA^\nu\) for all vector fields \(\nu\) normal to \(M\). Remark: 1. Here, on the left-hand side \(I\) is the natural almost complex structure on the tangent bundle \(T_M\). 2. A four-dimensional submanifold \(L\subset E\) is called coassociative if \(\varphi|_L\equiv 0\), where \(\varphi\) is the canonical 3-form defined above.