Rough subalgebras of some binary algebras connected with logics (Q2566595)

The authors think about the properties of rough subalgebras (ideals) of BCH-algebras and give some results. Some of the results are established in any algebras. For example, in Theorem 3.7, they prove that \(E^+(S)\) is a subalgebra of a BCH-algebra \(X\) if \(S\) is a subalgebra of \(N\). The result can be proved in any algebra as follows. Let \((X;\omega_i)\) be an algebra and \(S\) a subalgebra of \(X\), where \(\omega_i\) is an \(n_i\)-ary function symbol. Then we have \(E^+(S)\) is a subalgebra of \(X\). Indeed, suppose that \(x_i\in E^+(S)\). Then there exist \(a_i\in S\) such that \((a_i,x_i)\in E(\in \text{Con}(X))\), where \( \text{Con}(X)\) is the class of all congruences on \(X\). Since \(E\) is a congruence, we have \((\omega a_1\cdots a_n,\omega x_1\cdots x_n)\in E\), where \(\omega\) is any function symbol. The fact that \(S\) is a subalgebra means that \(\omega a_1\cdots a_n\in S\). Thus we have \(\omega x_1 \cdots x_n\in E^+(S)\) and \(E^+(S)\) is a subalgebra of \(X\). Theorem 3.5 can be proved similarly in any algebra.