On some integrals involving functions \(\varphi(x)\) such that \(\varphi(1/x)=\sqrt x\varphi(x)\) (Q2567308)

In Riemann's original proof of the functional equation of the Riemann zeta-function \(\zeta(s)\), first the equality \[ \pi^{-{s\over 2}}\Gamma \biggl({s\over 2}\biggr)\zeta(s) = \int_{0}^{\infty}x^{{s\over 2}-1} \biggl(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}e^{-n^{2}\pi x}\biggr)\, dx \quad (\operatorname{Re} s > 1) \] is obtained, and then the functional equation \(\varphi({1\over x})=x^{{1\over 2}}\varphi(x)\) \((x >0)\) of \(\varphi(x)= \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-n^{2}\pi x}\) is applied. In this paper the author studies various integrals involving arbitrary continuous \(\varphi(x)\) which satisfy this functional equation, assuming the convergence of certain integrals. The author proves that, for \(\operatorname{Re} \nu > -1\), \[ Z(\nu,p):= \int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-px}x^{\nu - {1\over 2}}\varphi(x)\, dx = {1\over p^{{\nu\over 2}}}\int_{0}^{\infty}u^{{\nu\over 2}}J_{\nu}(2\sqrt{pu})\widehat{\varphi}(u)\, du , \] where \(J_{\nu}(z)\) is the Bessel function of the first kind, and \(\widehat{\varphi}\) denotes the Laplace transform of \(\varphi\). The author also proves that, for \(\operatorname{Re} \nu > -{1\over 4}\), \(Z(\nu,p)\) satisfies the linear integral equation \[ Z(\nu,p) = {1\over p^{\nu-{1\over 4}}}\int_{0}^{\infty}t^{\nu -{1\over 4}}J_{2\nu-{1\over 2}}(2\sqrt{pt})Z(\nu,t)\, dt. \] Moreover some consequences of these results are given.