Interpolation and extrapolation of smooth functions by linear operators (Q2567450)

Let \( m \) and \( n \) be two integers with \( m\geq 1 \), \( n\geq 1 \). Denote by \( C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n) \) the Banach space of \( (m-1) \)-times differentiable functions in \( {\mathbb R}^n \) whose \( (m-1)^{th} \) derivatives are Lipschitz. Given a subset \( E \) of \( {\mathbb R}^n \) and a function \( \sigma : E\rightarrow [0,+\infty[ \), define \( C^{m-1,1}(E,\sigma) \) as the space of functions \( f :E\rightarrow {\mathbb R} \) for which there exist a function \( F \in C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n) \) and a constant \( M>0 \) such that \( \| F\|_{C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n)}\leq M \) and \( | F(x)-f(x)| \leq M\sigma (x) \) for all \( x\in E \). This is a Banach space with the norm \( \| f \|_{C^{m-1,1}(E,\sigma)} \) defined as the infimum of all such \( M \). The author shows that there exists a linear map \( T: C^{m-1,1}(E,\sigma)\rightarrow C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n) \) and a constant \( A \) depending only on \( m \) and \( n \) such that, for any \( f\in C^{m-1,1}(E,\sigma) \) with \( \| f \|_{C^{m-1,1}(E,\sigma)}\leq 1 \), we have \( \| Tf\|_{C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n)}\leq A \) and \( | Tf(x)-f(x)| \leq A\sigma(x) \) for all \( x\in E \). In particular, taking \( \sigma=0 \) on \( E \), we get a continuous linear extension operator from the space \( C^{m-1,1}(E) \) of restrictions to \( E \) of elements of \( C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n) \), to the space \( C^{m-1,1}({\mathbb R}^n) \). The general result is obtained as the limit case (in some suitable sense) of an interpolation theorem for finite sets, with suitable continuity properties. The proofs rely heavily on refinements of the paper [Ann. Math. (2) 161, No. 1, 509--577 (2005; Zbl 1102.58005)] by the same author. The reader is assumed to be thoroughly familiar with that paper.