Composition of closed range operators (Q2567471)

A characterization of closed range bounded linear transformations between two \(F\)-spaces is given. As a consequence of this characterization, it is proved that if \(S: X\to Y\) and \(T: Y\to Z\) are continuous linear transformations between \(F\)-spaces, \(R(S)\) is a closed subspace of \(Y\) and \(R(T)\) is a closed subspace of \(Z\), then \(R(T\circ S)\) is closed in \(Z\) if and only if \(R(S)+N(T)\) is a closed subspace of \(Y\).