\(p\)-adic Arakelov theory (Q2568213)

In [Math. USSR, Izv. 8, (1974), 1167--1180 (1976), translation from Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 38, 1179--1192 (1974: Zbl 0355.14002)] \textit{S. J. Arakelov} developed the intersection theory for divisors on arithmetic surfaces. The main purpose of the author here is to present the \(p\)--adic analogue of this part of Arakelov theory. The results of this paper have nothing to do with non-archimedean Arakelov theory which gives real valued results, whereas \(p\)-adic Arakelov theory provides \(p\)-adic results. The starting point of this work is the theory of \(p\)--adic height pairings in the form described by \textit{R. F. Coleman} and \textit{B. H. Gross} [in: Algebraic number theory -- in honor of K. Iwasawa, Proc. Workshop Iwasawa Theory Spec. Values \(L\)-Funct., Berkeley/CA (USA) 1987, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 17, 73--81 (1989: Zbl 0758.14009)]. The results of Coleman and Gross give the intersection index \(\langle D,E\rangle\) for two divisors \(D\) and \(E\), of degree \(0\), on a complete curve over a \(p\)-adic field. The goal is to find an analogue to the canonical Green function in the classical theory. Given a possible Green function \(G(P,Q)\), an extension of the pairing \(\langle D,D\rangle\) would satisfy \[ \Bigl\langle \sum h_ i P_ i, \sum m_ j Q_ j\Bigr\rangle= \sum n_ i m_ j G(P_ i,Q_ j). \] To isolate a canonical as possible Green function, some extra conditions are necessary. The natural way is to introduce a notion of metrized line bundle and, as in the classical case, the residue map defines a metric on the canonical bundle, which is admissible with respect to the Green function. This extra condition gives a canonical choice of a Green function up to a constant. However, working with this definition becomes very cumbersome so the author chose to work with a \(p\)-adic operator given by the author in [Math. Ann. 322, No. 1, 19--48 (2002: Zbl 1013.11028)] to define the curvature of a metrized line bundle. Once this has been done, the Green function is derived form the metric on a line bundle. Unlike the classical theory, it is necessary to impose the residue condition to obtain a unique choice up to a constant. A \(p\)-adic Green function was defined by \textit{P. Colmez} [``Intégration sur les variétés \(p\)-adiques'', Astérisque 248 (1998; Zbl 0930.14013)] using abelian varieties. The work of Colmez is over \(\mathbb C_ p\) and the author works over \(\overline{\mathbb Q}_ p\). The relation of Colmez work and of this paper is discussed in an appendix. Finally, in the last section of the paper, it is shown how some of the main theorems of classical Arakelov theory have analogues in the \(p\)-adic case: the adjunction formula and the Riemann-Roch formula are proven.