Nekhoroshev stability for the D'Alambert problem of Celestial mechanics (Q2568673)

The D'Alembert planetary model is a Hamiltonian system describing a rotational planet with polar radius smaller than the equatorial radius, whose center of mass revolves periodically on a given Keplerian ellipse of small eccentrity around a fixed star occupying one of the foci of the ellipse; the planet is subject to the gravitational attraction of the star. There are two degrees of freedom depending periodically on time, the period being the ``year''\ of the planet. Many planets and satellites of the solar system are observed in a nearly exact spin-orbit resonance, i.e., the ratio between the period of revolution around the major body and the period of rotation around the spin axis of the planet is (nearly) rational. Therefore, it is of considerable interest to investigate the stability in regions of space surrounding such resonances. The paper contains a sketch of proof for the following stability result of Nekhoroshev type: Let \(c>0,0<l<1/2\) and \(k<\min \{c,l\}\). Then there exist positive constants \(\varepsilon _{0},k_{1},k_{2}\) such that, if \(0<\varepsilon <\varepsilon _{0}\) and \(0<\mu \) \(<\varepsilon ^{c}\), then \(|I(t)-I(0)|<\varepsilon ^{k_{1}},\forall |t|<\exp (k_{2}/\varepsilon ^{k})\), where \(\left( I\left( t\right) ,\varphi \left( t\right) \right) \) denotes the \(H_{\varepsilon ,\mu }\)-evolution of an initial datum \(\left( I\left( 0\right) ,\varphi \left( 0\right) \right) \in A\times T^{3}\).