Relaxation results in micromagnetics (Q2568768)

Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbf{R}^N\) be an open, bounded set with Lipschitz boundary, \({\mathbf{L}}^N\) the \(N\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure, and define \({\mathcal{M}}=\{m:{\mathbf{R}}^N\to {\mathbf{R}}^N \;\text{measurable}: |m(x)|=\chi_\Omega (x)\;\text{for}\;{\mathcal{L}}^N\;a.e.\;x\in{\mathbf{R}}^N\}\). If the values of \(m\) are in \(S^{N-1}\), the function \(m\) will be the magnetization of a body placed in \(\Omega\). Consider a Carathéodory function \(f:{\mathbf{R}}^N\times (S^{N-1}\setminus\{0\})\times {\mathbf{R}}\times {\mathbf{R}}^N\to [0,\infty)\), such that \(0\leq f(x,m,u,h)\leq a(x)+C(|u|^{2^*}+|h|^2)\) for a certain \(a\in {\mathcal{L}}^1({\mathbf{R}}^N)\) satisfying appropriate conditions. For \(m\in {\mathcal{M}}\), there exists a unique function \(u\in H^1({\mathbf{R}}^N)\) such that \(\Delta u+div\;m=0\). The energy functional is given as \(F(m)=\int_{{\mathbf{R}}^N}f(x,m(x), u(x),\nabla u(x))dx\). The authors show that the relaxation of \(F\) with respect to the \(L^\infty-w*\) convergence in \(L^\infty(\Omega;\overline{B(0,1))}\) is given by \({\mathcal{F}}(m) =\int_\Omega Q_Mf(x,m(x0,u(x0,\nabla u(x)) dx + \int_{{\mathbf{R}}^N\setminus \Omega}f(x,0,u(x),\nabla u(x))dx\), where \(Q_Mf\) is the quasiconvex envelope of \(f\) relative to the underlying partial differential equations. This class of integrands includes those of the type \(f(x,m,u,h)=\varphi(x,m,u)+ \psi(x,u,h)\), with \(\psi(x,u,.)\) non convex, thus extending the available relaxation results in micromagnetics.