Orbit closures for representations of Dynkin quivers are regular in codimension two (Q2569284)

Let \(A\) be a finitely generated associative algebra with identity over an algebraically closed field \(k\), and let mod\(_{A}\left( d\right) \) denote the variety of \(d\)-dimensional representations of \(A\). For a \(d\)-dimensional module \(M\) we let \(\mathcal{O}_{M}\) be its \(\text{GL}\left( d\right) \) -orbit (the action being conjugation) and \(\mathcal{\bar{O}}_{M}\) the Zariski closure of \(\mathcal{O}_{M}.\) Given \(N\) a degeneration of \(M\) we let Sing\(\left( M,N\right) \) be the class of pointed varieties which are smoothly equivalent to the pointed variety \(\left( \mathcal{\bar{O}} _{M},n\right) \) for \(n\) an arbitrary point of \(N\). This paper is a study of Sing\(\left( M,N\right) \) in the case where \(N\) has codimension two. The case of codimension one was considered in [\textit{G. Zwara}, J. Algebra, 283, 821--848, (2005; Zbl 1112.16018)], where it was shown that Sing\(\left( M,N\right) =\)Reg, where Reg is the singularity given by the regular points of \(\mathcal{\bar{O}}_{M}.\) In the case considered here there are some conditions for which Sing\(\left( M,N\right) =\)Reg. For example, suppose \(M=M^{\prime }\oplus X\) and \( N=N^{\prime }\oplus X.\) If \(N^{\prime }\) is of codimension one in \(M^{\prime }\) then Sing\(\left( M,N\right) =\)Reg. On the other hand, if \(N^{\prime }\) is of codimension two then Sing\(\left( M,N\right) =\)Sing\(\left( M^{\prime },N^{\prime }\right) ,\) and hence it suffices to consider modules which are disjoint, i.e. have no common direct summand. A second condition that gives regularity is if \(M\) and \(N\) are disjoint and \(N\) decomposes into at least three indecomposable modules. These are the first two major theorems in the paper. It is not true, however, that we always get regularity in codimension two -- the Kleinian singularity occurs in an example where \(N\) is the sum of two simple \(A\)-modules when \(A=k\left[ \varepsilon \right] /\left( \varepsilon ^{2}\right) .\) However, the final major theorem proves that when \(M\) is a module over the path algebra of a Dynkin quiver then \(\mathcal{\bar{O}}_{M}\) is regular in codimension two.