A-radicals of involution rings. (Q2569331)

The concept of an A-radical was introduced by \textit{B. J. Gardner} [Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 24, 259-268 (1973; Zbl 0263.16005)] as a radical which only depends on the additive structure of the ring. Typically in general radical theory, A-radicals will manifest themselves as radical classes which satisfy fairly strong requirements on substructures (inclusion of radical substructures in the radical or heredity conditions). In this paper the authors investigate the A-radicals of involution rings. Already these radicals have played a role in structural considerations of involution rings [see \textit{N. V. Loi} and \textit{R. Wiegandt}, in Ring theory 1989, Isr. Math. Conf. Proc. 1, 205-214 (1989; Zbl 0739.16022)], so the need for more information exists. Their main result gives a characterization of these radicals in the category of involution rings (note that homomorphisms are required to preserve involution, hence all substructures must be closed under involution): A radical \(\gamma\) in this category is an A-radical if and only if \(\gamma\) is \(*\)-bi-strong, principally \(*\)-bi-hereditary and independent of the involution (i.e., if a ring with involution is in \(\gamma\), then so is this ring endowed with any other involution).