Projective metric number theory (Q256942)

The authors work with the rational number field \({\mathbb{Q}}\). Projective metric Diophantine approximation aims to quantify the density of \({\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}})\) in \({\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}}_p)\). The authors use a metric \(\delta_p\) on \({\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) and a height function \(H\) on \({\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}})\), as well as the probability measure \(\mu_p\) on the projective space \({\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) introduced by \textit{K.-K. Choi} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 352, No. 3, 1071--1111 (2000; Zbl 0938.11034)]. Given a map \(\psi:{\mathbb{R}}_+\cup\{0\}\to {\mathbb{R}}_+\cup\{0\}\), let \({\mathcal{W}}_p(\psi,{\mathbb{Q}},n)\) be the set of \(x\in{\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) for which there exist infinitely many \(y\in{\mathbb{P}}^{n-1}({\mathbb{Q}})\) such that \[ \delta_p(x,y)\leq \psi(H(y)). \] From the Borel-Cantelli Lemma one deduces that \[ \mu_p ({\mathcal{W}}_p(\psi,{\mathbb{Q}},n))=0 \] whenever the series \[ \sum_{q=1}^\infty q^{n-1}\psi(q)^{n-1} \] converges. The first new result of the paper under review deals with the case where \(p\) is a finite place, \(n>2\) and \(\psi(q)=0\) whenever \(p\) divides \(q\). In this case \(\mu_p ({\mathcal{W}}_p(\psi,{\mathbb{Q}},n))=1\) whenever the series above diverges. This establishes the projective \(p\)--adic version of the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture in all dimensions \(>1\). The second result assumes that \(\psi\) is decreasing and \(p\) is a finite or infinite place of \({\mathbb{Q}}\). Then again \(\mu_p ({\mathcal{W}}_p(\psi,{\mathbb{Q}},n))=1\) whenever the series above diverges. This gives a complete projective version of Khinchine's theorem. The authors point out that removing the monotonicity condition in their second result when \(n=2\) is equivalent to solving the classical Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture [\textit{R. J. Duffin} and \textit{A. C. Schaeffer}, Duke Math. J. 8, 243--255 (1941; Zbl 0025.11002); \textit{A. K. Haynes}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2010, No. 1, 18--52 (2010; Zbl 1246.11132); \textit{A. K. Haynes} et al., Math. Ann. 353, No. 2, 259--273 (2012; Zbl 1333.11069)].