Some remarks on generalized Fredholm operators (Q2569690)

Denote by \(\mathcal{L}(X)\) the class of bounded linear operators on a Banach space \(X\). An operator \(T\in\mathcal{L}(X)\) is relatively regular if there exists an operator \(S\) (called a pseudo-inverse of \(T\)) such that \(TST=T\) and \(STS=S\). A generalized Fredholm operator is a relatively regular operator \(T\) which possesses a pseudo-inverse \(S\) such that \(I-ST-TS\) is a Fredholm operator. Denote by \(\Phi_g(X)\) the set of generalized Fredholm operators on \(X\). In this paper, the author continues his study of \(\Phi_g(X)\) started in [Demonstr.\ Math.\ 30, No.~4, 829--842 (1997; Zbl 0903.47006)], this time in the special case where \(X\) is a Hilbert space. If \(X\) is a Hilbert space, then \(T\) is relatively regular if and only in \(T(X)\) is closed, and in this case there is a unique pseudo-inverse \(T^\dagger\) of \(T\), called its Moore--Penrose inverse, such that \(TT^\dagger\) and \(T^\dagger T\) are self-adjoint. The main result of the paper asserts that \(T\in \Phi_g(X)\) if and only if \(T(X)\) is closed and \(I-T^\dagger T-TT^\dagger\) is Fredholm, and also if and only if \(T(X)\) and \(\ker (T)+T(X) \) are closed and \(\dim(\ker (T)\cap T(X))\) and \(\text{codim}(\ker(T)+ T(X))\) are finite.