Some remarks on the Schrödinger equation with a potential in \(L^r_t L^s_x\) (Q2571041)

The authors study the Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equations with time-dependent potentials: \[ i\partial_{t}u-\Delta u+V(t,x)=F(t,x),\qquad u(0,x)=u_{0}(x),\tag{1} \] where \(x\in{\mathbb{R}}^{n}\), \(n\geq 2\), and \(t\in{\mathbb{R}}\). Let us introduce some notations. We use prime to denote conjugate indices. For any subinterval \(I\) of \(\mathbb R\) (bounded or unbounded) we define the mixed space-time norms \[ \| u\|_{L^{p}_{I}L^{q}}=\left(\int_{I}\| u(t,\cdot)\|^{p}_{L^{q}(\mathbb R^{n})}\,dt\right)^{1/p}. \] The pair \((p,q)\) is said to be admissible if \[ \frac{1}{p}+\frac{n}{2q}=\frac{n}{4},\qquad p,q\in [2,\infty],\qquad (n,p,q)\neq (2,2,\infty). \] We further recall the Strichartz estimates for free equations: for any admissible couples \((p,q)\) and \((\widetilde{p},\widetilde{q})\) there exists a constant \(C(p,\widetilde{p})\) such that, for any interval \(I\subset\mathbb R\) (bounded or unbounded), for all functions \(u_{0}(x)\in L^{2}(\mathbb R^{n})\), and \(F(t,x)\in L^{\widetilde{p}^{\prime}}_{I}L^{\widetilde{q}^{\prime}}\) the following inequalities hold: \[ \| e^{it\Delta}u_{0}\|_{L^{p}_{I}L^{q}}\leq C(p,\widetilde{p})\| u_{0}\|_{L^{2}}, \] \[ \left\|\int^{t}_{0}e^{i(t-s)\Delta}F(s)\,ds\right\|_{L^{p}_{I}L^{q}}\leq C(p,\widetilde{p})\| F\|_{L^{\widetilde{p}^{\prime}}_{I}L^{\widetilde{q}^{\prime}}}. \] The constant is independent of the interval \(I\). When \(n\geq 3\) the constant can be taken also independent of \(p\) and \(\widetilde{p}\): we shall denote this universal constant (which depends now only on the space dimension \(n\)) by \(C_{0}\). When \(n=2\), the constant is unbounded as \(p\downarrow 2\) or \(\widetilde{p}\downarrow 2\). For low regularity solutions, it is customary to replace (1) with the integral equation \[ u(t,x)=e^{-it\Delta}u_{0}(x)+\int^{t}_{0}e^{-i(t-s)\Delta}[F(s)-V(s)u(s)]\,ds.\tag{2} \] Among other results they obtain the following theorem. Theorem. Let \(n\geq 2\), let \(I\) be either the interval \([0,T]\) or \([0,\infty[\), and assume \(V(t,x)\) is a real valued potential belonging to \[ V(t,x)\in L^{r}_{I}L^{s},\qquad\frac{1}{r}+\frac{n}{2s}=1 \] for some fixed \(r\in[1,\infty[\), \(s\in]n/2,\infty]\). Let \(u_{0}\in L^{2}\) and \(F\in L^{\widetilde{p}^{\prime}}_{I}L^{\widetilde{q}^{\prime}}\) for some admissible pair \((\widetilde{p},\widetilde{q})\). Then the integral equation (2) has a unique solution \(u\in C(I;L^{2})\) which belongs to \(L^{p}_{I}L^{q}\) for all admissible pairs \((p,q)\) and satisfies the Strichartz estimates \[ \| u\|_{L^{p}_{I}L^{q}}\leq C_{V}\| u_{0}\|_{L^{2}}+C_{V}\| F\|_{L^{\widetilde{p}^{\prime}}_{I}L^{\widetilde{q}^{\prime}}}. \] When \(n\geq 3\), the constant \(C_{V}\) can be estimated by \(k(1+2C_{0})^{k}\), where \(C_{0}\) is the Strichartz constant for the free equation, while \(k\) is the integer such that the interval \(I\) can be partitioned in \(k\) subintervals \(J\) with the property \(\| V\|_{L^{r}_{J}L^{s}}\leq (2C_{0})^{-1}\). A similar statement holds when \(n=2\), provided we replace \(C_{0}\) by \(C(p,\widetilde{p})\). Finally, when \(F\equiv 0\) the solution satisfies the conservation of energy \[ \| u_{0}(t)\|_{L^{2}}=\| u_{0}\|_{L^{2}},\qquad t\in I. \]