Characterization of Palm measures via bijective point-shifts (Q2571692)

The paper considers a stationary point process \(N\) in \(\mathbb R^ d.\) A point-map picks a point of \(N\) in a measurable way. It is called bijective [\textit{H. Thorisson}, ``Coupling, stationarity, and regeneration'' (2000; Zbl 0949.60007)] if it is generating (by suitable shifts) a bijective mapping on \textit{N. J. Mecke} [Math. Nachr. 65, 335--344 (1975; Zbl 0301.28014)] proved that the Palm measure of \(N\) is point-stationary in the sense that it is invariant under bijective point-shifts. Our main result identifies this property as being characteristic for Palm measures. This generalizes a fundamental classical result for point processes on the line [see, e.g., Theorem 11.4 of \textit{O. Kallenberg}, ``Foundations of modern probability''. 2nd ed. (2002; Zbl 0996.60001)] and solves a problem posed by \textit{H. Thorisson} [loc. cit.] and \textit{P. A. Ferrari, C. Landim} and \textit{H. Thorisson} [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Probab. Stat. 40, 141--152 (2004; Zbl 1042.60064)]. Our second result guarantees the existence of bijective point-maps that have (almost surely with respect to the Palm measure of \(N\)) no fixed points. This answers another question asked by Thorisson. Our final result shows that there is a directed graph with vertex set \(N\) that is defined in a translation-invariant way and whose components are almost surely doubly infinite paths. This generalizes and complements one of the main results of \textit{A. E. Holroyd} and \textit{Y. Peres} [Electron. Commun. Probab. 8, 17--27 (2003; Zbl 1060.60048)]. No additional assumptions (as ergodicity, nonlattice type conditions, or a finite intensity) are made in this paper.