Line bundles over a moduli space of logarithmic connections on a Riemann surface (Q2571741)

Fix a point \(x_0\) of a compact connected Riemann surface \(X\). Let \(n\) and \(d\) be two mutually coprime integers with \(n\geq 1\). Let \(E\) be a holomorphic vector bundle of rank \(n\) and degree \(d\) over \(X\). The authors prove that the following three conditions on \(E\) are equivalent: (1) There is a logarithmic connection \(\mathcal D\) on \(E\) singular exactly over \(x_0\) such that the residue of \(\mathcal D\) at \(x_0\), which is an endomorphism of the fiber \(E_{x_0}\), is of the form \(\lambda-\text{Id}_{E_{x_0}}\), where \(\lambda\in\mathbb C\). (2) The vector bundle \(E\) is indecomposable, i.e., if \(E\) is holomorphically isomorphic to \(E_1\oplus E_2\), then either \(E_1 = 0\) or \(E_2 = 0\). (3) The projective bundle \(\mathbb P(E)\) over \(X\) admits a holomorphic connection. Furthermore, any logarithmic connection on \(E\), singular exactly over \(x_0\), with residue of the form \(\lambda\cdot\) Id\(_{E_{x_0}}\) is actually an irreducible logarithmic connection. The given condition that the degree and rank of \(E\) are \(d\) and \(n\), respectively, implies that the above constant \(\lambda\) is \(-d/n\). Assume that genus\((X) \geq 2\). Let \(\mathcal M(n,d)\) denote the moduli space of all stable vector bundles over \(X\) of rank \(n\) and degree \(d\). Let \(\mathcal M'_D(n)\) denote the moduli space of all pairs of the form \((E,\mathcal D)\), where \(E\in\mathcal M(n,d)\) and \(\mathcal D\) is a logarithmic connection on the vector bundle \(E\), singular exactly over \(x_0\), such that the residue of \(\mathcal D\) at \(x_0\) is \(-\frac{d}{n}\operatorname{Id}_{E_{x_0}}\). Consider the projection of \(\mathcal M'_D(n)\) to \(\mathcal M(n,d)\) defined by sending any pair \((E,\mathcal D)\) to \(E\). It is proved that the pullback of line bundles defined over \(\mathcal M(n,d)\) to \(\mathcal M'_D(n)\) by this map gives an isomorphism of Picard groups. Furthermore, the inclusion of \(\mathcal M'_D (n)\) in the moduli space of all logarithmic connections of rank \(n\) over \(X\), singular exactly over \(x_0\) with residue \(-\frac{d}{n}\operatorname{Id}\) at \(x_0\), gives an isomorphism of Picard groups. Fix a holomorphic line bundle \(L\) over \(X\) of degree \(d\), and fix a logarithmic connection \(D_L\) over \(L\) which is singular exactly over \(x_0\). Let \(\mathcal N(n, L)\subset\mathcal M(n,d)\) denote the moduli space of all stable vector bundles \(E\) with \(\bigwedge^n E \cong L\). Similarly, define \(\mathcal N'_p(L)\subset\mathcal M'_D(n)\) to be the moduli space of all pairs \((E,\mathcal D)\) with \(E\in\mathcal N(n, L)\) and \(\mathcal D\) a logarithmic connection on \(E\) singular over \(x_0\) such that the logarithmic connection on \(\bigwedge^n E \cong L\) induced by \(\mathcal D\) coincides with the given logarithmic connection \(D_L\) on~ \(L\). Let \(p_0:\mathcal N'_d(L)\rightarrow\mathcal N_d(L)\) be the projection defined by \((E,\mathcal D)\mapsto E\). The corresponding homomorphism \(\xi\mapsto p_0^\ast\xi\), where \(\xi\in\text{Pic}(\mathcal N(n, L)) =\mathbb Z\), identifies the Picard group of \(\mathcal M'_D(L)\) with \(\mathbb Z\). Let \(\Theta\) be the ample generator of Pic\((\mathcal N(n, L))\). It is proved that \(H^0(\mathcal N'_D(L),p_0^\ast\Theta^{\otimes m})=0\) for all \(m < 0\), and \(H^0(\mathcal N'_D(L),\mathcal O_{\mathcal N'_D(L)})=~\mathbb C\). Let \(\mathcal N_D(L)\) denote the moduli space of all pairs of the form \((E,\mathcal D)\), where \(E\) is a holomorphic vector bundle over \(X\) of rank \(n\) with \(\bigwedge^n E \cong L\) and \(\mathcal D\) a loga\-ri\-th\-mic connection on \(E\) singular exactly over \(x_0\) with residue \(-\frac{d}{n}\) Id such that the logarithmic connection on \(\bigwedge^n E\) induced by \(\mathcal D\) coincides with the given logarithmic connection \(D_L\) on \(L\). So \(\mathcal N'_D(L)\) is a Zariski open dense subset of \(\mathcal N_D(L)\). Since \(\mathcal N'_D(L)\) does not admit any nonconstant algebraic functions, it follows immediately that \(\mathcal N_D(L)\) does not admit any nonconstant algebraic functions. The moduli space \(\mathcal N_D(L)\) is biholomorphic to an affine variety, and it is quasi-complete. For any point \(z\in\mathcal N(n,L)\) the fiber \(p_0^{-1}(z)\subset\mathcal N'_D(L)\) is canonically an affine space for the holomorphic cotangent space \(T_z^\ast\mathcal N(n,L)\). In other words, \(\mathcal N'_D(L)\) is a \(T^\ast\mathcal N(n,L)\)-torsor over \(\mathcal N(n, L)\). Using this torsor structure, the variety \(\mathcal N'_D(L)\) has a natural smooth compactification; the compactifying divisor is identified with the total space of \(\mathbb P(T\mathcal N(n,L))\), the space of hyperplanes in the fibers of \(T\mathcal N(n,L)\). This compactification is denoted by \(\overline{\mathcal N'_D(L)}\), and the divisor at infinity, namely the complement \(\overline{\mathcal N'_D(L)}\setminus\mathcal N'_D(L)\), is denoted by \(\Delta\). Since \(\mathcal N'_D(L)\) does not admit any nonconstant function, it follows immediately that \(\Delta\) is not ample. In fact \(\Delta\) is of Kodaira-Iitaka dimension zero. However, one can still ask if \(\Delta\) is numerically effective (which corresponds to the closure of the ample cone). The authors show that the tangent bundle \(T\mathcal N(n,L)\) is numerically effective iff the effective divisor \(\Delta\subset\overline{\mathcal N'_D(L)}\) is numerically effective. Using a classification of Fano three-folds with numerically effective tangent bundle it follows that \(T\mathcal N(n,L)\) is not numerically effective if genus\((X) = 2 = n\). If a conjecture given in [\textit{F.~Campana} and \textit{T.~Peternell} [Math. Ann. 289, No. 1, 169--187 (1991; Zbl 0729.14032)] is true, then \(T\mathcal N(n, L)\) is never numerically effective.