The Boltzmann equation for Bose-Einstein particles: velocity concentration and convergence to equilibrium (Q2574162)

Solutions of the spatially homogeneous solutions of the Boltzmann equation for Bose-Einstein particles are studied analytically. The hard potential with certain cutoffs and the potential for hard spheres are considered. Some basic properties of the collision operator of the Boltzmann equation for Bose-Einstein particles are reviewed. It is proved that for the hard potential with certain cutoffs the solution of the Boltzmann equation converges to the Bose-Einstein distribution when \(t\to\infty\) in \(L^1\) topology. In the paper the weighted Lebesgue function spaces \(L^1_s(\mathbb R^3)\) are used for the Boltzmann solution \[ f\in L^1_s(\mathbb R^3)\Leftrightarrow\| f\|_{L^1_s}:= \int_{\mathbb R^3} (1+|V|^2)^{s/2|f(V)|}\,dV< \infty. \] The results of the paper are based on entropy inequalities. It is shown that the Bose-Einstein distribution of the Boltzmann equation can be reduced to the convergence of the Maxwell distribution. The theorem is proved that at low temperature the solutions of the Boltzmann equation can be split as a sum of regular and singular parts. The regular part in the \(L^1\) topology converges to the uniform Bose-Einstein distribution when \(t\to\infty\) but the singular part converges to the unique Dirac delta function.