A note on characterization of Hardy space \({\mathcal H}^1\) (Q2574679)

In this paper, based on a previous work by \textit{A. Stefanov} [Ill. J. Math, 44, No. 3, 574--592 (2000; Zbl 0963.42016)], the author finds a necessary and sufficient size condition for an integrable compactly supported function \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with mean value zero to be in the Hardy space \({\mathcal H}^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\), \(n\geq 1\). Let \(f\) be a compactly supported function, \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^1)\), \(\int_\mathbb{R} f(x)\,dx =0\). Define a function \(m_f\) by \[ m_f(y)=\inf_{\mathbb{R}^1}f(x)\ln|x-y|^{-1}\,dx. \] The author establishes the following theorem. Theorem 1. Let \(f\) be a compactly supported function. The following conditions are equivalent: (a) \(f\in{\mathcal H}^1(\mathbb{R})\); (b) \(d/dx\,m_f(x)\in L^1\) and \(m-f(x)=\int^x_{-\infty}Hf(t)\,dt\) \((x\in\mathbb{R})\), where \(H\) is the Hilbert transform (c) \(\text{Var}^\infty_{-\infty}(m_f)<\infty\). In the high dimension \(n\geq 2\), instead of \(m_f\) the author defines \[ u_f(x)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}f(y)|x-y|^{-n+1}\,dy \] and obtains a characterization of \({\mathcal H}^1\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) as an analog of Theorem 1. In that case the Hilbert transform in Theorem 1 is replaced by the Riesz transforms.