Galois modules appearing as \(p\)th-power classes of units of extensions of degree \(p\) (Q2574923)

Let \(p\) be a prime number (possibly 2). Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic not \(p\) and containing a primitive \(p\)th root of unity \(\xi_p\). For all cyclic extensions \(K/F\) of degree \(p\), the authors determined in a previous paper [Isr. J. Math. 138, 29--42 (2003; Zbl 1040.12006)] the Galois module structure of the group \(J:= K^\times/K^{\times p}\) of the \(p\)th-power classes of \(K\). To know the Galois module structure of \(J\) is a fundamental question related to both the structure of the Galois cohomology of \(F\) and the structure of the maximal \(p\)-extensions of \(F\). They prove that the structure of the \(\mathbb{F}_p[\text{Gal}(K/F)]\)-module \(J\) is determined by the following three arithmetic invariants (where \(N\) denotes the norm map from \(K\) to \(F\)): \[ d= d(K/F):= \dim_{\mathbb{F}_p}(F^\times/N(K^\times)),\quad e= e(K/F) := \dim_{\mathbb{F}_p}(N(K^\times)/F^{\times p}), \] and \({\mathcal Y}= \gamma(K/F):= 1\) or \(0\) according to whether \(\xi_p\in N(K^\times)\) or not. In the paper under review, the same authors construct field extensions \(K/F\) with prescribed arithmetic invariants \(d\), \(e\), \(\gamma\), thus completing the classification of Galois modules \(K^\times/K^{\times p}\). Precisely, they prove the Theorem: Let \(d\) and \(e\) be arbitrary cardinal numbers, and let \({\mathcal Y}\in\{0,1\}\). There exists a cyclic field extension \(K/F\) of degree \(p\) with invariants \((d, e,{\mathcal Y})\) if and only if: when \({\mathcal Y}= 0\), then \(1\leq d\); when \(p> 2\), then \(1\leq e\); when \(p= 2\) and \({\mathcal Y}= 1\), then \(1\leq e\).