Distances on Lie groups of polynomial volume growth (Q2574938)

Let \(G\) be a connected and simply connected solvable Lie group and \(\Omega\) a symmetric compact neighborhood of the identity. \(G\) is said to have polynomial volume growth if there exists a constant \(c>0\) such that, for \(n\geq 1\), the Haar measure of \(\Omega^n\) is smaller than or equal to \(cn^c\). This condition is equivalent to being of type \(R\), namely that the adjoint representation of the Lie algebra of \(G\) has only purely imaginary eigenvalues [cf. \textit{Y. Guivarc'h}, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 101, 333--379 (1973; Zbl 0294.43003)]. The main theorem of this paper is as follows. Assume that \(G\) has polynomial volume growth. Let \(\dim G=d\). Then there exist an exponential basis \(\{X_1,X,\dots, X_d\}\) of the second kind of \(G\) and integers \(d_1\in\{1,2,\dots,d\}\), \(1\leq i \leq d\), such that the distance to the origin of an element \(g=\exp(t_1X_1) \dots \exp(t_dX_d)\) satisfies \[ C_1\left(\sum^d_{i=1}|t_i|^{\frac {1} {d_i}}-1\right) \leq|g|_G\leq C_1\left(\sum^d_{i=1} |t_i|^{\frac {1} {d_i}}+1\right) \] with constants \(C_1,C_2\), where \[ |g|_G=\inf \{n;g\in\Omega^n\}. \]