Families of Hopf algebras of trees and pre-Lie algebras. (Q2577047)

\textit{I. Moerdijk} [Contemp. Math. 271, 311-321 (2001; Zbl 0987.16032)] introduced a method to define a family of coproducts on an algebra which provides this algebra with a structure of a bialgebra. This article extends this method. The authors consider the category of \(n\)-algebras, whose objects are the data \((A,\alpha)\) with \(A\) an associative and commutative algebra with unit over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero, and \(\alpha\colon A^{\otimes n}\to A\) is a linear map. A morphism of \(n\)-algebras \(f\colon(A,\alpha)\to(B,\beta)\) is an algebra homomorphism \(f\colon A\to B\) such that \(\beta f^{\otimes n}=f\alpha\). \((C_n,\lambda_n)\), the initial object of this category, carries a family of bialgebra structures. This family comes from the universal property of \((C_n,\lambda_n)\) and the two linear maps \(\sigma_1,\sigma_2\colon A^{\otimes n }\to A\), with \((A,\alpha)\) an object of the category of \(n\)-algebras. Thus the authors give two conditions on \(\sigma_1,\sigma_2\) to obtain a bialgebra structure on \(C_n\). If \(n=1\) we find again the construction of \textit{I. Moerdijk} [loc. cit.]. The authors show that this initial object is nothing but \(S(T_n)\) the symmetric algebra on rooted trees with \(n\)-coloured edges. Then the authors define the morphisms \(\sigma_1,\sigma_2\) thanks to \(2n\)-tuples \((q_{11},\dots,q_{1n},q_{21},\dots,q_{2n}) \in k^{2n}\) and the family of bialgebra structures on \(S(T_n)\) is indexed by this sequence. The Hopf algebra \(S(T_1)\) with the coproduct defined by \(q_{11}=1\) and \(q_{12}=0\) is the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees. The bialgebra structures given by this construction are compared from the point of view of the deformation theory. Moreover, the authors give an explicit formula for the Lie bracket on the primitive elements of \(S(T_n)^*\) and they rediscover a result of \textit{F. Chapoton} and \textit{M. Livernet} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2001, No. 8, 395-408 (2001; Zbl 1053.17001)] that the dual Hopf algebra is the universal enveloping algebra of the free pre-Lie algebra on one generator. The end of the paper under review is devoted to list the results obtained when one starts from associative algebras.