Nilpotent orbits of \(\mathbb Z_4\)-graded Lie algebra and geometry of moment maps associated to the dual pair \((U(p,q),U(r,s))\) (Q2580244)

Let \(L_{\mathbb R}\) be a real vector space of dimension \(2(p+q)(r+s)\) equipped with a non-degenerate alternate form and let \((G_{\mathbb R}^1,G_{\mathbb R}^2)= (U(p,q),U(r,s))\) be a dual pair in the real symplectic group \(\text{Sp}(L_{\mathbb R})\). Let \((G^j, K^j)\), \(j=1,2\), be the complex symmetric pair corresponding to the real group \(G_{\mathbb R}^j\). The author first considers the natural moment maps \({\mathfrak g}^1_{\mathbb R}\leftarrow L_{\mathbb R}\to {\mathfrak g}^2_{\mathbb R}\) and their complexification \({\mathfrak g}^1\leftarrow L\to {\mathfrak g}^2\). By restricting these two maps to a suitable totally isotropic subspace \(L^+\subset L\), one obtains a \(K^1\times K^2\)-equivariant maps \({\mathfrak s}_1\leftarrow L^+\to {\mathfrak s}_2\), where \({\mathfrak g}^j={\mathfrak k}^j+{\mathfrak s}^j\) is the complexified Cartan decomposition corresponding to \(G_{\mathbb R}^j\). The goal of the article under review is to study the properties of these maps (which are still called ``moment maps''). The classification of nilpotent \(K^1\times K^2\)-orbits is due to \textit{G. Kempken} [``Eine Darstellung des Köchers \(A_ k.\)'' Bonn. Math. Schr. 137 (1982; Zbl 0498.14021)]. Using that description, the author explicitly describes the correspondence between nilpotent orbits in \({\mathfrak s}_1\) and \({\mathfrak s}_2\). It is shown that if \(\min\{p,q\}\geq \max\{r,s\}\), then there are open subvarieties of \(L^+,{\mathfrak s}_1\) , and \({\mathfrak s}_2\) such that the restrictions of the above maps to these subvarieties yield bijections of nilpotent orbits, and these bijections preserve the closure relation and the equivalence class of singularities. Reviewer's remark: Although the author discusses some general properties of \({\mathbb Z}_m\)-graded Lie algebras and corresponding nilpotent orbits, he never says that the whole theory was elaborated in the seminal articles of E.B.~Vinberg at the end of seventies. In particular, a general method of classifications of nilpotent orbits, which also applies in the cases considered by the author, is presented in \textit{E. B. Vinberg's} articles [Sov. Math. Dok. 16, 1517--1520 (1975; Zbl 0374.17001); Tr. Semin. Vektorn. Tenzorn. Anal. Prilozh. Geom. Mekh. Fiz. 19, 155--177 (1979; Zbl 0431.17006; English translation Sel. Math. Sov. 6, 15--35 (1987; Zbl 0612.17010)]. By the way, the very term \(\Theta\)-representation employed also in the article under review, has its origin in the letter \(\theta\) used by E.B.~Vinberg to denote a periodic automorphism of a semisimple Lie algebra.