Heat-diffusion maximal operators for Laguerre semigroups with negative parameters (Q2583794)

Let \(k\) be a non-negative integer and \(\alpha>-1\). The Laguerre function \(\mathcal L^\alpha_k(y)\) is defined by \[ \mathcal L^\alpha_k(y)=\left(\frac{\Gamma(k+1)} {\Gamma(k+\alpha+1)}\right)^{1/2}e^{-y/2}y^{\alpha/2}L_k^\alpha(y), \] where \(L_k^\alpha\) is the Laguerre polynomial given by \[ e^{-y}y^\alpha L_k^\alpha(y)=\frac1{k!}\frac{d}{dy^k}(e^{-y}y^{k+\alpha}). \] Let \(W^\alpha(t, y, z)\) be the heat diffusion kernel, namely, for \(t>0\), \(y>0\) and \(z>0\), \[ W^\alpha(t, y, z)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty e^{-t(n+(\alpha+1)/2)} \mathcal L^\alpha_n(y)\mathcal L^\alpha_n(z). \] Define the heat diffusion integral \(W^\alpha f(t, y)\) as \[ W^\alpha f(t, y)=\int_0^\infty W^\alpha(t, y, z)f(z)\,dz \] and the associated maximal operator \(W^{\alpha,\,*}f\) by \[ W^{\alpha,\,*}f(y)=\sup_{t>0}| W^\alpha f(t, y)| . \] Let \(N_\alpha=(1,\infty]\) for \(\alpha\geq0\) and \(N_\alpha=(2/{(2+\alpha)},2/(-\alpha))\) for \(-1<\alpha<0\). In this paper, the authors prove that if \(-1<\alpha<\infty\) and \(p\in N_\alpha\), then \(W^{\alpha,\,*}\) is bounded on \(L^p((0, \infty))\) with a bound depending on \(\alpha\) and \(p\). The authors also discuss the behavior of \(W^{\alpha,\,*}f\) at the end points of \(N_\alpha\).