Sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities on the octonionic Heisenberg group (Q262220)

The Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality for the conjugate exponent on a group of Heisenberg type has the form \[ \left|\iint_{G\times G}\frac{\overline{f(u)}g(v)}{|u^{-1}v|^\lambda}dudv\right|\lesssim\|f\|_p\|g\|_p, \] where \(0<\lambda< Q\), \(p=2Q/(2Q-\lambda)\) and \(Q\) is the dimension of the group \(G\). Sharp constants and extremizers are important for applications in the theory of PDEs. \textit{E. H. Lieb} [Ann. Math. (2) 118, 349--374 (1983; Zbl 0527.42011)] solved this problem in the Euclidean space setting. \textit{R. L. Frank} and \textit{E. H. Lieb} [Ann. Math. (2) 176, No. 1, 349--381 (2012; Zbl 1252.42023)] obtained an analogous result on the Heisenberg group proving that for all \(\lambda\) the extremizer is almost uniquely \(((1+|z|^2)^2+|t|^2)^{-(2Q-\lambda)/4}\) with group elements parametrized by \(u=(z,t)\), \(z\in\mathbb C^n\), \(t\in \mathbb R\). \textit{M. Christ} et al. [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 130, 361--395 (2016; Zbl 1329.26028)] extended the result to quaternionic Heisenberg groups. In the present paper the authors use the same method to prove that on the only 15-dimensional octonionic Heisenberg group the extremizer for the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality with \(\lambda\geq12\) exists almost uniquely of the form \(((1+|z|^2)^2+|t|^2)^{\lambda/4-11}\) with group elements \(u=(z,t)\), \(z\in\mathbb O\), \(t\in\text{Im}\mathbb O\), where \(\mathbb O\) is the octonions, an 8-dimensional non-commutative and non-associative division ring over real numbers. They also obtain the endpoint limit analogue of sharp Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality at \(\lambda=Q\) which corresponds to the log-Sobolev inequality.