The Prym-Green conjecture for torsion line bundles of high order (Q2627837)

A paracanonical curve of genus \(g\) and order \(l\geq 2\) is a smooth curve \(C\), \(\phi_{K_C\otimes\eta}:C\hookrightarrow\mathbb P^{g-2}\) embedded by the paracanonical linear system \(K_C\otimes\eta\), where \(\eta\in\mathrm{Pic}^0(C)\) is a torsion line bundle of order \(l\). Pairs \([C,\eta]\) (smooth level \(l\) curves) form an irreducible moduli space \(\mathcal R_{g,l}\). For integers \(p,q\geq 0\), the Koszul cohomology group of \(p\)th syzygies of weight \(q\) is defined by \[ K_{p,q}(C,K_C\otimes\eta)=\mathrm{Tor}_S^p(\Gamma_C(K_C\otimes\eta),C)_{p+q}, \] where \(S:=\mathrm{Sym }H^0(C,K_C\otimes\eta)=\mathbb C[x_1,\dots,x_{g-1}]\) is the polynomial algebra and \(\Gamma_C(K_C\otimes\eta):=\oplus_{n\geq 0}H^0(C,(K_C\otimes\eta)^{\otimes n})\) is the homogeneous paracanonical coordinate ring (as a graded \(S\)-module). The graded Betti number \(b_{p,q}:=\dim K_{p,q}(C,K_C\otimes\eta)\). The main result of this paper is to prove the Prym-Green conjecture for general paracanonical curves of odd genus \(g\) of all but finitely many levels \(l\). Theorem 1. Let \([C,\eta]\in\mathcal R_{g,l}\) be a general level \(l\) curve of odd genus \(g\), such that \(l\geq\sqrt{(g+2)/2}\). Then the resolution of the associated paracanonical curve \(C\subset\mathbb P^{g-2}\) is natural: that is, the following vanishings of Koszul cohomology groups hold: \[ K_{(g-3)/2,l}(C,K_\otimes\eta)=0\text{ and }K_{(g-7)/2,l}(C,K_C\otimes\eta)=0. \] Remark. The naturality of the resolution implies that \(b_{p,2}\cdot b_{p+1,1}=0\) for all \(p\). For even genus, a weaker version of the conjecture is proved. Theorem 2. Let \(g\geq 8\) be even, and let \(l\) be an integer level such that \(l=2\) or \(l\geq\sqrt{(g+2)/2}\). Then for a general level \(l\) curve \([C,\eta]\in\mathcal R_{g,l}\), the following vanishings hold: \[ K_{g/2-4,2}(C, K_C\otimes\eta)=0\text{ and }K_{g/2-1.1}(C,K_C\otimes\eta). \] The proof of Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 uses special \(K3\) surfaces, e.g., Barth-Verra \(K3\) surfaces. In the process of proving the main results, the expectation of Barth and Verra on the number of curves with \(l\)-torsion line bundles in a linear system on a Barth-Verra \(K3\) surface is confirmed.