Homeomorphisms of locally finite graphs (Q2628045)

Let\((E,d)\) be a metric space and let \(f\) be a homeomorphism from \(E\) into itself. Recall that \(f\) is said to be regular when the group \(G=\{f^n:n\in\mathbb Z\}\) is equicontinuous (that is, for all \(x\in E\) and \(\varepsilon >0\), there exists \(\delta>0\) such that for all \(y\in E\) with \(d(x,y)<\delta\) we have \(d(g(x),g(y))<\varepsilon\) for all \(g\in G\)), and \(f\) is pointwise recurrent if for any \(x\in E\), any open neighbourhood \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(x\) and \(m\in\mathbb N\), there exists \(n>m\) such that \(f^n(x)\in\mathcal{U}\) (here, \(f^n\) denotes the \(n\)-th iterate of \(f\)). The authors prove that if \(f\) is pointwise recurrent and \(E\) is a locally finite topological graph, then \(f\) is regular. Moreover, they obtain some qualitative properties of an equicontinuous group of homeomorphisms of a finite graph. More precisely, if \(\Gamma\) is a finite graph not homeomorphic to the circle \(S^1\) and \(G\) is a subgroup of homeomorphisms of \(\Gamma\), then the following four properties are equivalent: (i) \(G\) is equicontinuous; (ii) \(G\) is finite; (iii) for each \(x\in \Gamma,\) \(G(x)=\{g(x):g\in G\}\) is finite; (iv) for each \(x\in \Gamma,\) the closure of \(G(x)\) is a minimal set.