On deflation and multiplicity structure (Q2628321)

An important obstacle for applying numerical methods in solving polynomial systems is the ill-conditioning and bad behavior of Newton's method near a singular solution. In the case of a multiple singular root, deflation techniques are applied to transform the system into another one which has an equivalent root with a smaller multiplicity or even with multiplicity one. In the paper under review, the authors present two new ``exact'' constructions concerning singular solutions of polynomial systems. They give first a new deflation method for an isolated singular root using a single linear differential form leading to the desired deflated system by applying this differential form to the original system. It should be noted that this new deflation does not introduce new variables and the number of equations increases linearly in each iteration. In addition, it reduces both the multiplicity and the depth of the singular root. The second construction gives a new multivariate polynomial system defining the multiplicity structure at a singular root which completely deflates the system in one step. More precisely, the multiplicity structure along with the coordinates of the singular point are described as the roots of the new system. Furthermore, the multiplicity of the root (in the new system) corresponding to the singular root is one.