Beyond expansion. II: Low-lying fundamental geodesics. (Q2628335)

A closed geodesic on the modular surface is ``low-lying'' if it does not travel ``high'' into the cusp. It is ``fundamental'' if it corresponds to an element in the class group of a real quadratic field. In this paper, the authors answer a question of \textit{M. Einsiedler} et al. [Duke Math. J. 148, No. 1, 119--174 (2009; Zbl 1172.37003)] on the abundance of low-lying closed geodesics on the modular surface which are fundamental. For Part I, see [the authors, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2015, No. 19, 9175--9205 (2015; Zbl 1347.11068)].