The algebro-geometric solutions for the Fokas-Olver-Rosenau-Qiao (FORQ) hierarchy (Q2628383)

The aim of this paper is to provide theta function representation of all algebro-geometric solutions and related quantities for the Fokas-Olver-Rosenau-Qiao (FORQ) equation [\textit{A. Alexandrou Himonas} and \textit{D. Mantzavinos}, Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 95, 499--529 (2014; Zbl 1282.35328)], also called the modified Camassa-Holm (MCH): \[ q_t+q_x(u^2-u_x^2)+2q^2u_x=0,\quad q=u-u_{xx}, \] and studying their algebro-geometric initial value problem. More precisely, this paper aims to study algebro-geometric quasi-periodic solutions of the whole FORQ hierarchy, of which the above equation is just the second one of infinitely many members. The main tools include the polynomial recursion formalism to derive the FORQ hierarchy, the hyperelliptic curve \(\mathcal{K}_n\) of arithmetic genus \(n\), the Baker-Akhiezer functions, the meromorphic function \(\phi\), the Dubrovin-type equations for auxiliary divisors and the associated trace formulas. With the help of these tools, the explicit theta function representations of the Baker-Akhiezer functions, the meromorphic function and the algebro-geometric solutions are obtained for the entire FORQ hierarchy. The paper is organized as follows: the first section is an introduction to the subject. Section 2, based on the polynomial recursion formalism, is devoted to derive the FORQ hierarchy, associated with the \(2\times2\) spectral problem. A hyperelliptic curve \(\mathcal{K}_n\) of arithmetic genus \(n\) is introduced with the help of the characteristic polynomial of Lax matrix for the stationary FORQ hierarchy. In Section 3, the authors decompose the stationary FORQ equations into a system of Dubrovin-type equations. Moreover, they obtain the stationary trace formulas for the FORQ hierarchy. In Section 4, they present the first set of their results, the explicit theta function representations of the potentials \(u\) for the entire stationary FORQ hierarchy. Furthermore, they study the initial value problem on an algebro-geometric curve for the stationary FORQ hierarchy. The purpose of Sections 5 and 6 is to extend the analyses in Sections 3 and 4, respectively, to the time-dependent case. Each equation in the FORQ hierarchy is permitted to evolve in terms of an independent time parameter. As initial data, the authors use a stationary solution of the nth equation and then construct a time-dependent solution of the rth equation of the FORQ hierarchy. The Baker-Akhiezer function, the analogs of the Dubrovin-type equations, the trace formulas, and the theta function representations in Section 4 are all extended to the time-dependent case.