On identities and \(m\)-neutral sequences of \(n\)-ary groups (Q2628578)

A universal algebra \( \langle A,[{\text{ }}] \rangle\) with one \(n\)-ary (\(n \geqslant 2\)) operation is called an \(n\)-ary (or polyadic) group if the operation \([{\text{ }}]\) is associative and \(\forall {a_1},\dots,{a_{i - 1}},{a_{i + 1}},\dots,{a_n},b \in A\, \exists x \in A\,[a_1\dots a_{i - 1}x a_{i + 1}\dots a_n] = b\). An element \(e \in A\) is an identity of the \(n\)-ary group \( \langle A,[{\text{ }}] \rangle \) iff \([xe\dots e] = [exe\dots e] = x\). (It is not neccessary to require all similar conditions. There exist non-trivial \(n\)-ary groups in which every element is an identity.) A sequence \(e_1\dots e_{s(n - 1)} \in A\), \(s \geqslant 1\) is called neutral iff \([e_1\dots e_{s(n - 1)}x] = [xe_1\dots e_{s(n - 1)}] = x\) for every \(x \in A\). (This condition can also be relaxed.) The Post equivalence \(\theta \) is defined on the free semigroup \({F_A}\) by \((\alpha ,\beta ) \in \theta \) iff there are sequences \(\gamma ,\delta \in {A^*}\) such that \([\gamma \alpha \delta ] = [\gamma \beta \delta ]\) in which \(\theta \) is a congruence and the group \(A^* = F_A/\theta \) is called the free covering group (or abstract containing group) of the \(n\)-ary group \(\langle A,[\text{ }] \rangle\). If \(n = k(m - 1) + 1\), \(k \geqslant 1\), \(m \geqslant 2\) then a sequence \(\alpha = e_1\dots e_{t(n - 1) + m - 1} \in A^*\) is called \(m\)-neutral (a generalization of identities and neutral sequences) if \([\alpha\dots\alpha x\alpha\dots\alpha ] = x\) for every \(x \in A\), \(j = 1,\dots,k + 1\). Here, various properties of \(m\)-neutral sequences are established, e.g., it is shown that if \(m = 2\) the \(\theta \)-classes defined by \(m\)-neutral sequences form a \((k + 1)\)-ary group isomorphic to the \(n\)-ary subgroup of all identities.