Matrix coefficients and Iwahori-Hecke algebra modules (Q2629106)

Let \(G\) be a split, connected reductive group over a \(p\)-adic field \(F\) with ring of integers \(\mathcal{O}\). Further, let \(T\) be a split maximal torus, \(B = TU\) be a Borel subgroup, and \(I\) be an Iwahori subgroup of \(G\) corresponding to \(B\). Then one can associate the Iwahori-Hecke algebra \(\mathcal{H} := C_{c}(I\backslash G/I)\) of compactly supported \(I\) bi-invariant functions and the subalgebra \(\mathcal{H}_0 := C(I\backslash G(\mathcal{O})/I)\). For a linear character \(\epsilon\) of \(\mathcal{H}_0\), one may consider the left \(\mathcal{H}\)-module \(V_\epsilon := \mathrm{Ind}_{\mathcal{H}_0}^{\mathcal{H}}(\epsilon)\). Further, given \(v \in V_\epsilon\), consider the left \(\mathcal{H}\)-module map \(\mathcal{F}_v: \mathcal{H} \to V_\epsilon\) defined by \(\mathcal{F}_v(h) = h\cdot v\). Of interest here are two isomorphic right \(\mathcal{H}\)-modules: \(\mathcal{M} := C_c(T(\mathcal{O}) U\backslash G/I)\) (the so-called ``universal principal series'') and \(\mathcal{I} := i_B^G (\chi_{\text{univ}}^{-1})^I\) (the \(I\)-fixed vectors of a normalized induction). The former can be given a left \(\mathcal{H}\)-module action, leading to a left action on the latter via this isomorphism. Further, there is also an isomorphism \(\mathcal{H} \simeq \mathcal{M}\) of \(\mathcal{H}\)-modules. The main question of the paper is the existence of a left \(\mathcal{H}\)-module map \(\mathcal{L}: \mathcal{I} \to V_\epsilon\) which provides part of a factorization of the map \(\mathcal{F}_v\), that is, to obtain a map \(\mathcal{L}\) such that the composite \(\mathcal{H} \overset{\sim}{\mathcal{M}} \overset{\sim} {\mathcal{I}} \overset{\mathcal{L}} V_{\epsilon}\) agrees with \(F_v\). The authors first obtain some general criteria on a linear map \(\mathcal{L}: \mathcal{I}\to V_\epsilon\) that would guarantee the desired property. Applying this result, it is shown that a spherical functional works as such an \(\mathcal{L}\) for the trivial character and that a Whittaker functional works for the sign character. When the underlying root system is simply laced, these are the only possible characters. Specializing to the case of odd orthogonal groups (type B root systems), there are two other characters. For one of these, it is shown that a Bessel functional may be used. The authors then consider spherical vectors, obtaining formulas for the image of a spherical vector under the map \(\mathcal{F}_v\) or under a map \(\mathcal{L}\) (having the desired property). These results are then combined with the earlier identifications of specific choices of \(\mathcal{L}\) to make evaluations of spherical vectors. For the spherical functional, they recover a formula of Macdonald, and, for the Whittaker functional, they recover the Casselman-Shalika formula (cf. [\textit{W. Casselman} and \textit{J. Shalika}, Compos. Math. 41, 207--231 (1980; Zbl 0472.22005)]). In the case of the odd orthogonal group, for the fourth linear character (for which no map \(\mathcal{L}\) is found), it is shown that the value of a spherical vector under \(\mathcal{F}_v\) essentially agrees with a formula of \textit{Y. Sakellaridis} [Canad. J. Math. 58, No. 5, 1095--1120 (2006; Zbl 1114.22011)] for evaluation of the Shalika functional. The authors provide some discussion of how these results might fit into a larger framework.