The fundamental theorem of tropical differential algebraic geometry (Q2629756)

The paper under review introduces the concepts of a tropical (ordinary) differential polynomial and tropicalization \(\operatorname{trop}(P)\) of a differential polynomial \(P\), which generalize the corresponding notions of tropical algebraic geometry. The main result of the paper is the following theorem, which is a differential analog of the fundamental theorem of tropical algebraic geometry (which states that \(\operatorname{trop}(V(I)) = V(\operatorname{trop}(I))\) where \(\operatorname{trop}(V(I))\) is the tropicalization of the closed subscheme \(V(I)\subset (K^{\ast})^{n}\) and \(V(\operatorname{trop}(I))\) is the tropical variety associated to the tropicalization of the ideal \(\operatorname{trop}(I)\)): Let \(G\) be a differential ideal in \(K[[t]]\{x_{1},\dots, x_{n}\}\), where \(K\) is an uncountable algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Then \(\mathrm{Sol}(\operatorname{trop}(G)) = \operatorname{trop}(\mathrm{Sol}(G))\). (\(\mathrm{Sol}(G)\) denotes the solution set of \(G\).) In the case of differential polynomials over the differential ring of power series \(K[[t]]\) described above, this result gives a positive answer to the following question of Grigoriev (see [Grigoriev, D. Tropical differential equations. Preprint, 2015. arXiv 1502.08010]): Is it true that for any differential ideal \(G\) and a family \(S_{1},\dots, S_{n}\subset\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) being a solution of the tropical differential equation \(\operatorname{trop}(g)\) for any \(g\in G\), there exists a power series solution of \(G\) whose tropicalization equals \(S_{1},\dots, S_{n}\)?