Resonance free regions for nontrapping manifolds with cusps (Q2631321)

The author considers resonances for some \((n+1)\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold \((X,g)\) with two ends, one cusp and one funnel: a typical \(2\)-\(d\) example is given by the quotient \(S_p\) of the hyperbolic plane under the action of a parabolic isometry \(p\). Let \(\Delta_g\) be the Laplace-Beltrami operator and its resolvent \(R_g(\sigma)=(\Delta_g-n^2/4-\sigma^2)^{-1}\) with values in the bounded operators set \({\mathcal B}(L^2(X))\), inducing an holomorphic function on the punctured halfplane \({\mathcal H}_g=\{\Im\mathrm{m}\,\sigma>0\}\setminus\{\text{i}\sigma_j, j=1,\dots, k\}\) where \(n^2/4+\sigma_j^2,j=1,\dots,k\) are the \(L^2(X)\)-eigenvalues of \(\Delta_g\). For any compactly supported smooth cutoff \(\chi\) on \(X\), the localized resolvent \(\sigma\in {\mathcal H}_g\to R_{g,\chi}(\sigma)=\chi R_g(\sigma)\chi\in {\mathcal B}(L^2(X))\) has a meromorphic extension to the complex plane: resonances are poles of this localized resolvent. The author proves the following resolvent estimate: there exists a constant \(M_0=M_0(\chi)\) and given a constant \(M_1\) a constant \(M_2=M_2(M_1,\chi)\) such that \[ \|R_\chi(\sigma)\|_{L^2(X)}\leq M_2|\sigma|^{-1+M_0|\Im\mathrm{m}\,\sigma|},\quad \sigma\in {\mathcal R}_{M_1,M_2}=\{\Im\mathrm{m}\,\sigma\geq -M_1,|\Re\mathrm{e}\,\sigma|\geq M_2\}. \] In particular, the subset \({\mathcal R}_{M_1,M_2}\) is a resonance free region, while the loss factor \(|\sigma|^{M_0|\Im \mathrm{m}\,\sigma|}\) in the preceding estimate is due to the cusp. This result applies to manifolds with two ends (one cuspidal and one funnel), obeying to a non trapping property of its geodesic flow. Similar resonance free strips have been already described (see \textit{M. Ikawa} [Osaka J. Math. 19, 459--509 (1982; Zbl 0498.35008)] and \textit{J. Sjöstrand} and \textit{M. Zworski} [Duke Math. J. 137, No. 3, 381--459 (2007; Zbl 1201.35189)]), but here the main novelty is that geodesics can stay for an arbitrary long time in the cuspidal end before escaping in the funnel part. In the case of the hyperbolic surface \(S_p\), the lower estimate established with Bessel function asymptotics, \[ \|R_\chi(\sigma)\|_{L^2(S_p)}\geq \mathrm{e}^{-C|\Im\mathrm{m}\,\sigma|} |\sigma|^{-1+2|\Im\mathrm{m}\,\sigma|}/C \] explains how the general upper bounds proved here by the author are optimal. The author et al. [Math. Res. Lett. 22, No. 1, 23--42 (2015; Zbl 1328.58028)] exhibit \(C^{1,1}\) metrics without arbitrarily wide resonance free strips. The proof for the main upper estimates results from a gluing method in the same vein as the one developed by the author and \textit{A. Vasy} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2012, No. 23, 5409--5443 (2012; Zbl 1262.58019)] and from the analysis of three models (the cusp, the funnel and one for the compact part): resolvent estimates and propagation of singularities results are proved through many tools of PDE, as semiclassical calculus, reduction to \(1\)-\(d\) Schrödinger operators and complex scaling.