Anomalous primes and the elliptic Korselt criterion (Q2631689)

For a given elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) and point \(P \in E(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})\), a natural number \(n\) is an elliptic pseudoprime with respect to \(P\) if \(n\) has at least two distinct prime factors, \(E\) has good reduction at every prime dividing \(n\), and \((n+1-a_n(E))P \equiv 0 \pmod n\), where \(a_n\) is the \(n\)th coefficient of the \(L\)-series for \(E/\mathbb{Q}\). This is the analogous notion to a pseudoprime \(n\) with respect to a base \(b\), with the multiplicative group replaced by the elliptic curve \(E\). A composite number \(n\) is an elliptic Carmichael number for a given elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) if \(n\) is an elliptic pseudoprime for every point \(P \in E(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})\). \textit{J. H. Silverman} gave two Korselt-type criteria for elliptic Carmichael numbers, which he classified into Type I and II [Acta Arith. 155, No. 3, 233--246 (2012; Zbl 1304.11047)]. For a given elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb{Q}\), a prime \(p\) is anomalous if \(E\) has good reduction at \(p\) and \(\# E(\mathbb{F}_p) = p\). The authors show if \(n = p_1 \ldots p_m\) is a squarefree Type I elliptic Korselt number with \(p_1 < \ldots < p_m\) and \(\sqrt{p_m}/4^m \le p_1 \ldots p_{m-1} \le 4^m\), then \(p_m\) is anomalous and \(a_n = 1\). This generalizes a result of Silverman.