Chains and forms in compact metric spaces (Q2633724)

If \((E,\|\cdot\|)\) is a Banach space, then \(\bigwedge^m(E)\) is the linear space generated by formal symbols \(f df_1\dots df_m\), where \(f\) is a bounded Lipschitz function on \(E\), and \(\varphi=(f_1,\dots,f_m):E\to\mathbb{R}^m\) is a Lipschitz map. The elements of \(\bigwedge^m(E)\) are called \(m\)-forms on \(E\). The derivative \(d\) and wedge product \(\wedge\) are defined on \(\bigwedge^m(E)\). The set \(\bigwedge(E)=\bigoplus\limits_{m=0}^\infty\bigwedge^m(E)\) has the structure of graded differential algebra. If \(E'\) is a Banach space and \(\Psi:E'\to E\) is a Lipschitz map, then the pull-back \(\Psi^{\#}:\bigwedge(E)\to\bigwedge(E')\) is defined by \(\Psi^{\#}(f df_1\dots df_m)=(f\circ\Psi)d(f_1\circ\Psi)\dots d(f_m\circ\Psi)\). A~Lipschitz \(m\)-chain in \(E\) is a linear combination \(Q=\sum\limits_{i=1}^qc_i\alpha_{i\#}[\![I^m]\!]\), where \(c_i\in\mathbb{R}\), \(I=[0,1]\), and \(\alpha_i:I^m\to E\) are Lipschitz maps. The boundary of \(Q\) and push-forward by a Lipschitz map \(\Psi:E\to E'\) are the Lipschitz chains \(\partial Q=\sum\limits_{i=1}^qc_i\alpha_{i\#}\partial[\![I^m]\!]\) and \(\Psi_{\#}Q=\sum\limits_{i=1}^qc_i(\Psi\circ\alpha_{i})_{\#}[\![I^m]\!]\), respectively. The mass \(\mathbf{M}(Q)\) and flat norm \(\mathbf{F}(Q)\) of \(Q\) are defined on the linear space \(\mathbf{L}_m(E)\) of all Lipschitz \(m\)-chains in \(E\). The completion \(\mathbf{F}_m(E)\) of \((\mathbf{L}_m(E),\mathbf{F})\) is the space of all flat \(m\)-chains in \(E\). If \(F=f\,d\varphi\) and \(Q=\sum\limits_{i=1}^qc_i\alpha_{i\#}[\![I^m]\!]\) in \(\mathbf{L}_m(E)\), then \(\langle Q,F\rangle=\sum\limits_{i=1}^qc_i\int\limits_{I^m}\alpha_{i}^{\#}(fd\varphi)\). For \(F\in\bigwedge^m(E)\) the formulas \(|\!|\!\!|\,F\,|\!\!|\!\!|=\sup\{\langle Q,F\rangle;\ \mathbf{M}(Q)\le 1\}\) and \(|\!|\!\!|\,F\,|\!\!|\!\!|^{\,\flat}=\sup\{\langle Q,F\rangle;\ \mathbf{F}(Q)\le 1\}\) define norms on \(\bigwedge^m(E)\). If \(X\) is a compact metric space, and \(\imath:X\to E\) is an isometry, then, by identifying \(X\) with \(\imath(X)\), \(\mathbf{N}_m(X)=\{T\in\mathbf{N}_m(E)\}\) and \(\bigwedge^m(X)=\frac{\bigwedge^m(E)}{F\in\bigwedge^m(E);\ F\upharpoonright\mathbf{N}_m(X)=0}\). If \(\varpi:\bigwedge^m(E)\to\bigwedge^m(X)\) is the quotient map, then \(|\!|\!\!|\,\mathcal{F}\,|\!\!|\!\!|=\inf\{|\!|\!\!|\,F\,|\!\!|\!\!|;\ F\in\varpi^{-1}(\mathcal{F}\}\) for \(\mathcal{F}\in\bigwedge^m(X)\), and \((\bigwedge(X),|\!|\!\!|\cdot|\!\!|\!\!|)\) is a graded differential normed algebra. The normal mass \(\mathbf{N}\) is a norm on \(\mathbf{N}_m(X)\) defined by \(\mathbf{N}(T)=\mathbf{M}(T)+\mathbf{M}(\partial T)\) for \(T\in\mathbf{N}_m(X)\). If \(\overline\bigwedge^m(X)\) is the completion of \((\bigwedge^m(X),|\!|\!\!|\cdot|\!\!|\!\!|)\), then for any \(\mathcal{F}\in\overline\bigwedge^m(X)\), the linear functional \(\Gamma(\mathcal{F}):T\mapsto\langle T,\mathcal{F}\rangle\) defined on \(\mathbf{N}_m(X)\) is a strong \(m\)-charge. In this paper, the author shows that \(\Gamma(\mathcal{F})+\sigma\Gamma(\mathcal{F})\) is the representation for charges in a compact metric space \(X\). Finally, for the above discussed forms, the wedge products, and the products with normal chains, the author defines cup and cap products, respectively.