A note on the \(\gamma\)-coefficients of the tree Eulerian polynomial (Q2635084)

Summary: We consider the generating polynomial of the number of rooted trees on the set \(\{1,2,\dots,n\}\) counted by the number of descending edges (a parent with a greater label than a child). This polynomial is an extension of the descent generating polynomial of the set of permutations of a totally ordered \(n\)-set, known as the Eulerian polynomial. We show how this extension shares some of the properties of the classical one. A classical product formula shows that this polynomial factors completely over the integers. From this product formula it can be concluded that this polynomial has positive coefficients in the \(\gamma\)-basis and we show that a formula for these coefficients can also be derived. We discuss various combinatorial interpretations of these coefficients in terms of leaf-labeled binary trees and in terms of the Stirling permutations introduced by \textit{I. Gessel} and \textit{R. P. Stanley} [J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 24, 24--33 (1978; Zbl 0378.05006)]. These interpretations are derived from previous results of \textit{F. Liu} [J. Algebra 323, No. 1, 132--166 (2010; Zbl 1245.17003)], \textit{V. Dotsenko} and \textit{A. Khoroshkin} [``Character formulas for the operad of a pair of compatible brackets and for the bi-Hamiltonian operad'', Funktsional. Anal. Prilozhen. 41, No. 1, 1--22, 96 (2007)] ], \textit{M. Bershtein} et al. [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2007, No. 24, Article ID rnm122, 30 p. (2007; Zbl 1149.18003)], the author and \textit{M. L. Wachs} [``On the (co) homology of the poset of weighted partitions'', Preprint (2013), \url{arXiv:1309.5527}] and the author [``On the free Lie algebra with multiple brackets '', Preprint (2014), \url{arXiv:1408.5415}] related to the free multibracketed Lie algebra and the poset of weighted partitions.