Deformation of the Hopf algebra of plane posets. (Q2637236)

A plane poset \(P\) is a finite set \(P\) with two partial orders such that two distinct elements of \(P\) are compatible in one order if and only if they are not comparable in the other order. Let \(PP\) denote the isomorphism classes of plane posets. \(PP\) has two products. If \(P\) and \(Q\) are in \(PP\), both products are the disjoint union of \(P\) and \(Q\) with \(P\) and \(Q\) as plane subposets, with \(p\) in \(P\) and \(q\) in \(Q\) comparable in one order and not comparable in the other order. \(PP\) has a coalgebra structure where the coproduct of \(P\) is the sum of \(P\setminus I\otimes I\) over all 1-ideals of \(P\), i.e., for \(x\) in \(I\), \(x\) less than or equal to \(y\) in \(P\) in the first order, then \(y\) is in \(I\). In a previous article, the author showed that this gives a Hopf algebra structure on \(PP\) using the first product, and an infinitesimal Hopf algebra structure using the second product [J. Algebr. Comb. 37, No. 1, 39-66 (2013; Zbl 1276.06002)]. In the paper under review, the author considers algebra and coalgebra deformations of \(PP\) for \(q=(q_1,q_2,q_3,q_4)\), a quadruple of scalars. The \(q\)-product of \(P\) and \(Q\) is a linear combination of plane posets \(R\) which are the disjoint union of \(P\) and \(Q\) with \(P\) and \(Q\) as plane subposets of \(R\). The coefficients are monomials in \(q_1,q_2,q_3,q_4\). This gives an associative algebra \((H_{PP},m_q)\). The \(q\)-coproduct of \(P\) is a linear combination of \(P\setminus I\otimes I\) for \(I\) subposets of \(P\) with coefficients which are monomials in \(q_1,q_2,q_3,q_4\). The author studies the compatibility of the \(q\)-coproduct with the two (undeformed) products on \(H_{PP}\). For example, with the first product with \((q_3)=1\), one gets a braided Hopf algebra, which is a Hopf algebra if \((q_4)=1\) and an infinitesimal Hopf algebra if \((q_4)=0\). The author showed earlier [Adv. Math. 240, 24-60 (2013; Zbl 1296.06003)] that the (undeformed) Hopf algebra structure on \(H_{PP}\) is isomorphic to the Hopf algebra \(\mathbf{FQSym}\) of free quasi-symmetric functions, also known as the Malvenuto-Reutenauer algebra of permutations [\textit{C. Malvenuto} and \textit{C. Reutenauer}, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A 118, No. 4, 1322-1333 (2011; Zbl 1231.05292)]. In the paper under review, he gives a \(q\)-deformation of the coalgebra structure on \(\mathbf{FQSym}\) so that the morphism from \(H_{PP}\) to this \(q\)-deformation is compatible with the \(q\)-coproduct on \(H_{PP}\) if \((q_1)=(q_3)\) and \((q_2)=0\).