Cyclicity of a simple focus via the vanishing multiplicity of inverse integrating factors (Q2637787)

The authors study the cyclicity of a focus in some particular autonomous planar systems. Passing to polar coordinates \((r,\theta)\), one obtains equation \(dr/d\theta=F(r,\theta)\) with an inverse integrating factor \(V(r,\theta)\). The natural \(\ell\) and the integer \(m\) are called vanishing multiplicities at zero of \(F\) and \(V\), respectively, provided that \[ F(r,\theta)=\sum_{i\geq \ell}F_i(\theta)r^i,\;\; V(r,\theta)=\sum_{i\geq m}v_i(\theta)r^i. \] The authors then use these notions to study the cyclicity of the focus in some polynomial systems with homogeneous nonlinearities such as \[ \begin{cases}\dot{x}=-y(1+\Lambda_{n-1}(x,y))+ax(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{n-1}{2}},\\ \dot{y}=x(1+\Lambda_{n-1}(x,y))+ay(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{n-1}{2}}, \end{cases} \] and \[ \begin{cases}\dot{x}=-y(1+b(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{n-1}{2}})+x\Omega_{n-1}(x,y),\\ \dot{y}=x(1+b(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{n-1}{2}})+y\Omega_{n-1}(x,y). \end{cases} \]